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This sounds like a question for 1st year History students! The penalties after WW1 included loss of territory, loss of the right to 'arm' an army and payment of crippling reparation. Such punitive measures angered many German citizens, and particularly irked a little Austrian corporal named Adolf. While Japan was similarly barred from arming other than the essentials for self-defence after WW2, the WW1 penalties were ultimately more costly. Italy got off fairly lightly by comparison - but then, the Italians saw the light rather earlier.
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