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The most likely origin of the papal colors are the keys of St. Peter, (Jesus says to Peter in Matthew 16:19 "I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.") which in the modern era have usually been rendered in gold and silver - heraldic tinctures which equate with the colors yellow and white. The colors were adopted in 1808, when Napoleon forcibly incorporated the papal army into his own, papal loyalists wanted a symbol of resistance.
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