by 
The Curious Bag
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<h4 class="dechead">On One Hand: Use the Dimensions
Vent hoods remove smoke and odors created by cooking. They can't do that unless they're wide enough to catch all the air rising from the cook top. Major manufacturers, including Broan-NuTone and Vent-A-Hood, recommend that hoods be three to six inches wider than the burners on your cook top.
On the Other: Think About Capacity
If you tend to use all your burners at once or you frequently cook with smoke-generating cookware such as a griddle or wok, you may need more venting capacity. You could simply choose a wider hood, or you could opt for a more powerful model--as measured in cubic feet of air moved per minute, or cfm.
Bottom Line
Since burners on cook tops are inset a few inches from the sides, a hood the width of your range or cook top should be enough. Standard ranges are 30 inches wide; measure yours before shopping. Most cooks can get by with a range-width hood with a capacity of 200 to 300 cfm. For heavier cooking, get a range-width hood with a capacity of 250 to 400 cfm.
Source:
AAA Appliance Parts: Range Hood Basics
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