by 
The Curious Bag
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Many motherboard failures have nothing to do with the motherboard at all; rather, the power supply may not be providing sufficient power to the motherboard.
Blown Capacitors
Bulging capacitors (round plastic sheathed objects, soldered to the board) require replacement of the motherboard.
Obvious Physical Damage
Physical damage to the motherboard such as cracks and burns indicate a need for replacement.
Check the Connections
Make sure all power connections are tight. Check all data connections (hard drives, expansion boards and memory) for proper seating.
Memory
Check the memory. Use sticks from another machine, if available. Most motherboards won't actually power on with bad memory. If the replacement memory works, the original memory was bad and needs to be replaced.
Check the Power Supply
Use a known good power supply from another machine to test the motherboard. If it works, replace the power supply.
If You've Checked Everything...
Clear the CMOS. Refer to the motherboard manual for instructions, as this varies from model to model. If it still doesn't work, replace the motherboard.
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