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The reason was to save lives on both sides. The island-hopping campaign in the South Pacific showed time and time again that the Japanese were not willing to surrender unless confronted by astonishingly overwhelming odds. This was a cultural attitude common amongst all Japanese and not exclusive to their military. Keep in mind the fact that the Japanese had never lost a war prior to WWII, and they considered their emperor to be divine. As far as they were concerned, if he said they could win, then his word was unquestionably accurate, and, in their minds, their history showed him to be correct. Nothing less than a show of force so horrific as the nuclear destruction of cities would convince the Japanese military and populace that victory was unachievable. If we hadn't destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese would have continued to fight until their entire country, population, and culture lay in ruins.
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