High potassium levels in the blood is a condition called hyperkalemia. It is most commonly due to kidney disease, but may be a sign of Addison's disease, adrenal gland disorders, trauma, infection, uncontrolled diabetes or dehydration. Without treatment, it can cause the heart to suddenly stop.

Testing

A normal potassium range is 3.5 to 5.0 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) of potassium in the blood. Mildly high potassium is 5.0 to 6.0 mEq/L. Moderately high is 6.0 to 7.0. A potassium level of 7.0 or more is considered severe.

False Results

If the blood isn't drawn and processed properly, the test may wrongly report a high potassium level. A doctor views the results in light of a patient's medical history and condition. If a false result is suspected, the test may be repeated. If a potassium level seems valid, the doctor will order an electrocardiogram (EKG). Moderately to severely high potassium changes the heart's electrical signals on an EKG.

Causes

The most common cause is kidney disease, including kidney failure or rejection of a transplanted kidney. Disorders of the adrenal glands such as Addison's Disease, also raise potassium. Dehydration, injuries, burns, bleeding in the digestive tract and uncontrolled diabetes are all possible causes of high potassium. Some medicines for high blood pressure or heart conditions can raise potassium levels. Some over-the-counter pain relievers such as Advil, Motrin and Nuprin can raise potassium levels in a small percentage of people. A diet high in potassium or potassium supplements may also contribute.

Symptoms

Mild to moderately high potassium often has no signs. Gradually rising levels may not be noticed until it is severe. Some people report nausea, fatigue, muscle weakness or tingling sensations. As potassium goes up, the heartbeat slows and the pulse is weak.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and seriousness of the condition. Very high potassium is a medical emergency that may require treatment in an intensive care unit with continuous heart monitoring. Changes in a person's prescriptions may be needed. Some medicines can be used to help the body eliminate potassium.

Source:

Merck Manual

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse

MedlinePlus

More Information:

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