ANSWERS: 2
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Websites, cable TV and radio stations all work in different ways. Websites work on-demand - the person wanting to see the website goes to request it, the computer at the far end (which is often just one of a whole group of computers serving the same thing, for large websites) sends the person a copy of the data associated with that particular page, and the data reaches them through normal internet routing, where each 'junction' in the route decides where best to send the data next. Radio stations are a shared-medium broadcast. They have a starting point for their signal, usually a big aerial somewhere, and the radio signal is generated there. Each radio set, or receiver, independently receives the transmission. Unlike internet traffic, the sender doesn't need to know or care where the receiver is, and the only modification of the signal 'in flight' is when it reflects off surfaces or gets absorbed by terrain. Cable TV uses a mixture of the two, and these days is most likely to be a fixed-route multicast. A multicast is a strategy for sharing information to large numbers of end-points on a network. Internet TV works this way, reducing the number of copies of its data whereever it can, and only splitting off new copies when it's unavoidable. Since Cable TV companies know in advance where they supply their service, the implemented strategy is fixed, but the concepts behind it are similar. Hope this helps.
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I'm not sure what you mean by "copies of the same website"... could you explain a little further? Otherwise, if you are referring to just being able to see microsoft.com from any computer, their web site only sends the data that describes what the website looks like (mostly in HTML), only when it is requested. When you type in a web address, your browser will find the computer that is storing the data you requested, then ask for it to be transferred to the computer you are on so that it can be displayed in your browser. So, if I understand your question correctly, the computer you are using does *not* have microsoft.com's web site information until you ask for it. Once that data is downloaded from microsoft.com, it will stay in your local computer (cached) for up to a few days, at which point it must be downloaded again because new updated data may be available. If you want to force your computer to get the latest data, you can hit the "reload" button. This sort of protocol is casually called "pulling", as opposed to a "push" network, such as a radio station or cable broadcaster that constantly pushes the signals for all channels over the air (or cable) simultaneously and continuously. I hope that helps a little.
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