Well, with the Bible all that really counts is descendants of Abraham. There is the account that Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumsized together and became the first Jews. A few years later Abraham was about to sacrifice his "only son" Isaac. Problem here is his son Ishmael was alive and well. Even tells how Ishmael helped bury Abraham. Just another example how the Bible can never get the stories right. How can a reasonably intelligent person fall for all the contradictions and lies?

I must also correct you on something. There is only one race. The Human Race. What you are talking about is ethnic groups and nationalities. And I'm sure you would like to link everything to the offspring of Adam. But the discovery of Lucy in Ethiopia is the mother of all by DNA link, more than 1 million years ago. But there was also a human population bottle neck about 80,000 years ago that reduced world population to about 2000 people. Caused by a super volcano in Indonesia.

Many generations spent in areas with very different environments have caused human beings to differ greatly.

Races of Mankind Definition: As used here, race means a division of mankind possessing in characteristic proportions certain combinations of physical traits that can be inherited and that are sufficient to set the group apart as a distinct human type. It should be noted, however, that the fact that the races are capable of intermarriage and reproduction shows that they are actually of one “kind,” all being members of the human family. So the various races are merely facets of the total variation possible in humankind. From where did the various races come? Gen. 5:1, 2; 1:28: “In the day of God’s creating Adam he made him in the likeness of God. Male and female he created them. After that he blessed them and called their name Man [or, Mankind] in the day of their being created.” “God blessed them and God said to them: ‘Be fruitful and become many and fill the earth.’” (Thus all mankind are descendants of that first human pair, Adam and Eve.) Acts 17:26: “[God] made out of one man [Adam] every nation of men, to dwell upon the entire surface of the earth.” (So, regardless of what races make up a nation, they all are offspring of Adam.) Gen. 9:18, 19: “Noah’s sons who came out of the ark were Shem and Ham and Japheth. . . . These three were Noah’s sons, and from these was all the earth’s population spread abroad.” (After God destroyed the ungodly world by means of a global flood in Noah’s day, the earth’s new population, including all the races known today, developed from the offspring of Noah’s three sons and their wives.) Were Adam and Eve merely allegorical (fictional) persons? Where did Cain get his wife if there was just one family? Gen. 3:20: “Adam called his wife’s name Eve, because she had to become the mother of everyone living.” (So all humans were to be the offspring of Adam and Eve.) Gen. 5:3, 4: “Adam lived on for a hundred and thirty years. Then he became father to a son in his likeness, in his image, and called his name Seth. And the days of Adam after his fathering Seth came to be eight hundred years. Meanwhile he became father to sons and daughters.” (One of Adam’s sons was Cain, and one of Adam’s daughters must have become Cain’s wife. At that time in human history when humans still had outstanding physical health and vitality, as indicated by the length of their lives, the likelihood of passing on defects as a result of marrying a close relative was not great. After some 2,500 years of human history, however, when mankind’s physical condition had greatly deteriorated, God gave to Israel laws forbidding incest.) What explains the development of the various racial characteristics? “All men living today belong to a single species, Homo sapiens, and are derived from a common stock. . . . Biological differences between human beings are due to differences in hereditary constitution and to the influence of the environment on this genetic potential. In most cases, those differences are due to the interaction of these two sets of factors. . . . Differences between individuals within a race or within a population are often greater than the average differences between races or populations.”—An international body of scientists convened by UNESCO, quoted in Statement on Race (New York, 1972, third ed.), Ashley Montagu, pp. 149, 150. “A race is simply one of the partially isolated gene pools into which the human species came to be divided during and following its early geographical spread. Roughly one race has developed on each of the five major continental areas of the earth. . . . Man did indeed diverge genetically during this phase of history and we can measure and study the results of this divergence in what remains today of the old geographical races. As we would expect, divergence appears to be correlated with the degree of isolation. . . . When race formation took place on the continents, with the bottlenecking of thousands of populations in isolated gene pools all over the world, the gene-frequency differences we now see were established. . . . The paradox which faces us is that each group of humans appears to be externally different yet underneath these differences there is fundamental similarity.” (Heredity and Human Life, New York, 1963, H. L. Carson, pp. 151, 154, 162, 163) (Thus, early in human history, when a group of people were isolated from others and married within the group, certain distinctive combinations of genetic traits were emphasized in their offspring.)

Although different ethnicities aren't really distinct enough to be called subspecies, they probably arose through roughly the same process. When one group of individuals from a species lives in a different environment, they'll develop different characteristics over time. That's a pretty simple, basic idea within natural selection. If you need a an example of this in action, look at the differences between Africans and African-Americans today. When the New World slave trade was going on, millions of Africans were shipped to the Americas. Due to the extremely taxing conditions they were put through on the Middle Passage slave ships, those whose bodies didn't retain sodium as well tended to die much more often (sodium retention is key to how long a person can last without adequate food or water). The results of this can be seen now in the fact that African-Americans are genetically predisposed to store sodium much more efficiently than their purely African counterparts - which is in fact part of why the obesity epidemic is so severe in African Americans. From that, we can conclude that other differences between the "Races" were probably cemented by similar drastic events throughout human history, except that humans throughout prehistoric times were probably affected more by gradual events like continental drift and climate change.