Here's the hold story plus the rule changes: After the 1905 season, when 18 deaths and 149 injuries were reported nationally, there was a general crackdown on the brutality of power football. That year Penn played Swarthmore, whose team was built around Bob Maxwell, a 250-pound lineman of speed and agility. Penn was certain it would win if Maxwell could be contained, so the Quakers concentrated all their defense on him. Maxwell played the entire game, but when he tottered off the field he was a physical wreck. A photographer took his picture, and when President Roosevelt saw it he angrily issued an ultimatum that if the roughness was not taken out of football he would ban the game by presidential edict. Finally, after much wrangling and many preliminary sessions, a meeting was held on January 12, 1906, in New York. Out of it came what we know today as the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Football Rules Committee, the game's governing body. The key figures were Captain Palmer Pierce of Army, William Reid of Harvard, and Walter Camp. Their important decisions were the creation of a neutral zone the length of the ball between opposing lines; requiring a minimum of six men on the line of scrimmage; raising the first down yardage from 5 to 10 yards; and legalizing the forward pass, with many restrictions. Another was the banning of "mass momentum" plays (many of which, like the infamous "flying wedge", were sometimes literally deadly). Basically, what was followed was this: The forward pass was used sparingly, but the defensive line was weakened because the possibility of a pass had to be defended against. The neutral zone reduced in-fighting, and the 6-man requirement put additional restriction on mass play; the offensive game was reduced mainly to off-tackle smashes. The ground attack, now less potent, had five additional yards to make in three downs. Teams resorted to frequent punts and field goals, which counted four points (only one less than a TD), were relied on heavily. In 1909, the game opened up some with the reduction of the field goal value to three points and the advent of the Minnesota shift. Williams' new offense was several seasons away from the East, however, and continued vicious line play raised the death toll to 33 and injuries to 246, 73 of them considered serious. Then came these important rules changes: 1. Seven men were required on the offensive line. 2. Pushing and pulling the ball carrier and interlocked interference was barred. 3. Crawling was prohibited. 4. The flying tackle, made with both feet off the ground, was outlawed. Williams was not the first coach to devise a shift, but he was first to shift both the line and the backs-sometimes twice before the ball was centered-in intricate maneuvers to outflank the defense. Mike Donahue, a Yale quarterback, went south to Auburn, and Dan McGugin, a Michigan guard under Yost, went to Vanderbilt in 1904: the South began to rise. Penn's John Heisman went to Georgia Tech the same year, and it was he who would lead the Yellow Jackets to the first national title won by a Southern team, in 1917. On the Pacific coast, Stanford and California dropped football in favor of English Rugby at the time of the injuries uproar. But farther north, Gil Dobie, taking over at Washington in 1908, began a nine-year unbeaten string of 61 games in which the Huskies were tied only three times.