ANSWERS: 10
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Even if you are not Catholic, Catholic.com can help you with perspectives and some direction with writings and teachings of the early church fathers as well. Good luck.
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1) I use following Online Bible: http://www.biblegateway.com/ They have also the King James Version, among a lot of other versions in various languages, and you can easily change the version. If you do not understand something, you can also look at the "Amplified Bible" version. "Welcome to BibleGateway.com, a free service for reading and researching Scripture online--all in the language or translation of your choice! We provide advanced tools you can use to search the Bible by keywords or verse, as well as other tools to enhance your study of the Bible. Get a quick start with the following resources: Read an introduction to BibleGateway.com Learn how to use BibleGateway.com with a tutorial Find answers to frequently-asked questions Personalize your experience Share BibleGateway.com with your Website visitors Listen to the Bible " Source: http://www.biblegateway.com/ 2) here various online tools and glossaries: http://www.bibletexts.com/glossary/ http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/links.htm http://bible.gen.nz/dictionary.htm http://www.yourdictionary.com/dictionary-articles/online-bible-dictionaries.html http://www.ccel.org/wwsb/
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Two books I have found valuable for the same purposes are fresh in my mind: Isaac Asimov's "Guide to the Old Testament" (lots of maps and chronological orientation) and "The Five Gospels" by Funk, Hoover, et al. (a recent scholarly effort to identify words probably actually spoken by Jesus - the four gospels plus the Gospel of Thomas.) They use an interesting seminar methodology in which experts on ancient languages have participated. I was raised on the KJV so I find the language beautiful. Your own denomination's history is important, too, obviously. I've visited some well organized R.C. sources on the net which were impressive. They are pretty objective about their own history, I think. I'm not a good scholar myself - I used the Asimov as a crib to teach a first-day school (Sunday school) class of quaker middle-schoolers years ago, and it worked. Anything would have worked. The kids were way sharp.
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If you go to your nearest Christian bookshop, you should be able to find some very good help books. I used to co-manage one, and I know there are a lot of great books around. The manager and staff will be only too pleased to be of help.
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As a minimum I would use these. Strongs Concordance, Dictionary, Vocabulary Helps including Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic & Chaldee. Halley's Bible Handbook & the Web here. John
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An excellent site to check is www.biblegateway.com. It is the Bible online. They have 21 English translations available, as well as transalations in other languages. Some thoughts on the King James Bible, and other transalations: The good thing about the King James version is that it's a word for word translation, so it's a very accurate translation and faithful to the original sources. The bad thing about the KJV is that it's about 400 years old, and the English language has changed quite a bit in the last 4 centuries. So the KJV is difficult to understand for today's English reader. Here are some other English translations that you might look at, and a little about them: New King James (NKJV): very similar translation to the KJV, with some language updated for ease of understanding. The NKJV is a very accurate word for word translation. English Standard Version (ESV): Another modern word for word translation. New International Version (NIV): A thought for thought translation. The goal of the NIV is to express as the thoughts of the Bible writers as they might have expressed them in English. This makes the NIV easy to understand and readable. However, it is not a literal word for word translation. Some people think it trades some accuracy for its readability. New Living Translation: Another thought for thought translation. Amplified Bible: The Amplified Bible is kind of a concordance built into the Bible. It might be what you are looking for, as it explains every verse thoroughly. Here's an example of John 3:16 in the above transalations: KJV: For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. NKJV: For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. ESV: For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. NIV: For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son,that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. NLT: For God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life. AB: For God so greatly loved and dearly prized the world that He [even] gave up His only begotten (unique) Son, so that whoever believes in (trusts in, clings to, relies on) Him shall not perish (come to destruction, be lost) but have eternal (everlasting) life.
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Do a search for a book called "This We Believe" by Richard Gurgel. It is in question and answer format and is very helpful. Also you may check for a series called The People's Bible Series, these are published by Northwestern Publishing House.
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You have to understand the tradition behind what you are reading in order to understand it. We can show how the Church of the apostles resembles in all essentials the Church of today by showing how the early Church already bore the marks, or "notes," of the true Church of Christ which are still professed today in the Nicene Creed. The Nicene Creed declares the Church to be One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic. Thus, the Church of the apostles was definitely one: "There is one body and one spirit," Paul wrote, "just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of us all" (Eph. 4:4-5). Paul linked this primitive unity to the Church's common Eucharistic bread: "Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of one bread" (1 Cor. 10:17). Jesus had promised at the outset that "there would be one flock, one shepherd" (John 10:16). Similarly, the Church of the apostles was holy. When we say that, we mean among other things that it had the all-holy God himself as author. We do not mean that all of its members have ceased to be sinners and have themselves become all-holy. On the contrary, the Church from the beginning, on her human side, has been composed of sinners: "Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners" (1 Tim. 1:15). The Church was founded for no other reason than to continue Christ's redemptive and sanctifying work with them in the world. One of the things implicit in the appellation "holy" as applied to the Church, then, is that the Church from the beginning has been endowed with the sacramental means to help make holy the sinners who are found in her ranks. The Church has been given the sacraments along with the word precisely in order to be able to help make sinners holy. It was in this sense that Paul was able to write, "Christ loved the Church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, that he might present the Church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish" (Eph. 5:25-27). The holiness of the Church, of which the creed properly speaks, has always had reference to her divine Founder and to what the Church was founded by him with the power and authority to do, not with the condition of her members. The third great historic mark or note of the one true Church was that this Church was Catholic. "Catholic" means "universal." It refers as much to the fullness of the faith which it possesses as it does to the undeniable extension in both time and space which has characterized it virtually from the beginning. At the very beginning, of course, it was no doubt difficult to see how the "little flock" (Luke 12:32) of which the Church then consisted could by any stretch of the imagination qualify as "universal." Still, just as the embryo contains in germ the whole human being, so the Church already contained the universality that would quickly begin to manifest itself. It is not without significance that the Holy Spirit came down upon the Church at Pentecost at a time when "there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven" (Acts 2:5). It was to them that the Holy Spirit temporarily enabled the apostles to speak in the languages of all these various nations--a powerful sign that the Church was destined for all men everywhere, represented at that first Pentecost in Jerusalem by those of many nations who had come there from afar. Many accepted the faith then and there and presumably began forthwith carrying "the Catholic Church" back to the four corners of the earth. The Catholicity of the Church in any case resides as much in the fact that the Church is for everybody at all times as it does in the fact that it was indeed destined to spread everywhere throughout the whole world. Within a few years of the foundation of the Church, Paul was writing that "the word of truth . . . in the whole world . . . is bearing fruit and growing" (Col. 1:5-6). Finally, the Church that issued from the commission of Christ to the apostles was necessarily apostolic. Christ founded the Church upon the apostles and in no other way: "Did I not choose you, the twelve?" he asked them (John 6:70). The apostles of all people understood perfectly well that they did not set themselves up in their own little community, as we sometimes today see "gospel churches" set up in store fronts or in the suburbs. The New Testament teaches, "One does not take the honor upon himself" (Heb. 5:4). Nothing is clearer, then, that the Church started out as "apostolic." The question is whether the apostles had the power and authority to pass on to others what they had received from Christ. We have already seen that they very definitely did have this power and authority; the New Testament evidence is clear about that. The subsequent historical evidence is equally clear that they did pass it on to successors (the bishops). Indeed there are already references in the New Testament itself to the appointment of bishops by the apostles, as well as to the appointment of further bishops by them (Titus 1:5-9). When we ask where, if anywhere, is to be found the same Church which the New Testament tells us Christ founded, we have to reformulate the question to ask: What Church, if any, descends in an unbroken line from the apostles of Jesus Christ (and also, not incidentally, possesses the other essential notes of the true Church of which the creed speaks)? Further, to introduce a point we have not dwelt upon at all up to now, What Church, if any, is headed by a single recognized designated leader, just as the apostles of Jesus plainly functioned, on the evidence of the New Testament, under the headship of Peter? To ask these questions is to answer them: Any entity or body claiming to be the Church of Christ would have to be able to demonstrate its apostolicity by demonstrating an organic link with the original apostles on whom Christ manifestly established his Church. Nothing less than this could qualify as the "apostolic" Church which Jesus founded. As much for our instruction as for the assurance he intended to give to the apostles to whom he was actually speaking, Jesus said, "He who hears you, hears me" (Luke 10:16). Do we take these words seriously today? Do we listen to the teachings of the successors of the apostles of Jesus, the bishops, in union with and under the successor of the apostle Peter, the pope, as if these teachings were the words of Christ himself? If we do, we are properly members of the Church which Jesus Christ founded on the apostles and which has come down to us from them. If we do not, how can we pretend that we take anything seriously that Christ said and taught? He said nothing more solemnly and categorically than these words, in which he declared that the apostles and their successors would speak for him in the serious business of gathering in and sanctifying his people and leading them toward the salvation he offers. Jesus intended that the fullness of his grace should come to his people in a Church that, from the beginning, was what the creed still calls it today: One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic. (Whitehead is a Catholic writer and translator living in Falls Church, Virginia.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From "The Church of the Apostles," in This Rock, March 1995. (c) 1995 Catholic Answers, Inc.
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http://bible.crosswalk.com Lots of translations, commentaries, concordances, etc.
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Try www.watchtower.org
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