ANSWERS: 1
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Start with an empty box, even all the air has been removed from it. Put some oxygen in a box and measure the pressure A. Take out all the oxygen. put some nitrogen in the box measure the pressure B. Now add the oxygen you took out to the nitrogen still in the box, what's the pressure? Dalton: A + B (approximately). (All this assumes you let the temperature equalise to be the same in each case). This isn't as obvious as it sounds, because gas is usually measured in volumes, and as you can see the volumes don't add up: In the above experiment one volume plus one volume becomes one volume. Also, making a good vacuum was beyond Dalton's time so the above experiment is only a thought experiment and the results have to be deduced from more complex experiments. The reason behind the law working is that gases are so much empty space that the two gases don't interfere (much) with each other.
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