ANSWERS: 2
  • Comte was obsessed by the idea to classify sciences. But I am not quite sure he would have said that sociology was the queen of social sciences. From his point of view, there was a only one social science and it was sociology. But he may have aimed his remark to statistics which another scientist of the time - Quetelet - was putting forward under the name of social physics. And Comte actually was of the opinion that statistics are pure non-sciences.
  • 1) "Auguste Comte revived the term 'social physics', suggesting thereby that society was best studied along the model of physics. Thus, to study society, one had to be scientific in the sense that the study should be confined "to the study of real facts without seeking to know their first causes or final purpose" (page 12). In the period 1850-1914, clear divisions emerged between the disciplines belonging to the social sciences. There were five main places where these disciplines were institutionalised: "Great Britain, France, the Germanies, the Italies and the United States." Five disciplines were accepted as belonging to social sciences. These were history, economics, sociology, political science and anthropology. A tradition of history was already present in some form and it became the first discipline among these five to attain a degree of autonomy. History also offered a striking parallel with the natural sciences. Just as natural sciences attempted to explain the world as it 'really' is, history was entrusted with the task of finding out what 'really' happened through empirical methods. Needless to add, this task is one that history finds difficult to sustain under various interest groups. Moreover, there is the added question as to what extent such a project (that is, objective knowledge about what 'really' happened as against interpretative accounts) is at all objectively feasible. Around this time, a new discipline was formed and a new name for it was coined, by Comte, called sociology. He thought that sociology would be the queen of the social sciences (perhaps like mathematics was seen as the queen of the natural sciences). The discipline of sociology itself was formed through a conscious institutionalisation in the second half of the 19th century." Source and further information: http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1822/18220900.htm 2) "As Gouldner has expressed it, sociology, especially in its early phase, hesitated between a view of itself as a ‘n+1 science’ which took up the leftovers of disciplines such as political philosophy and political economy, and a less humble conception of itself as queen of the social sciences, ‘concerning itself with all that the others do, and more; possessing a distinctive concern with the totality of sectors, with their incorporation into a new and higher level of integration, and with the unique laws of this higher whole’" Source and further information: http://www.cjsonline.ca/articles/pels.html 3) "The matter,of the relationship of sociology to the other social or behavioral sciences is much debated. Is sociology as Comte would have had it the "queen" of the social sciences, or a general social science of societies? Or, is sociology a more specialized social science that systematizes problems that can be defined as sociological in character.as 'distinct from economic, psychological or cultural?" Source and further information: http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50807/1/22.pdf 4) "August Comte (1798-1857) -- French philosopher commonly credited for being the "father" of sociology. 1. He coined the word "sociology," meaning the study of people in a social setting. He argued that the research methods of science should be applied to the study of society. Sociologists must use systematic observation, experimentation, and comparative historical analysis as research methods. 2. He determined two categories of specific problems for sociological investigation: a. Social Statics -- How and why do societies hold together and endure over long periods of time? b. Social Dynamics -- what makes societies change and what shaped the nature and direction of change? 3. He believed that Sociology was the "Queen of the Social Sciences" because it encompasses all others and would make possible the organization of better societies. Sociologists had a mission to improve the world." Source and further information: http://www.regents.state.oh.us/articulation_transfer/AT/OAN/Sociology/uc/CINC-2005-OSS021%2028SOC141%20Intro%20Soc%20I.pdf Further information: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-sociology.html http://www.econ.utah.edu/~ehrbar/diss/salem.htm

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