How is new/extra money generated?
All economic systems, no matter how small (a remote town of 100) or large (the entire globe/international trade, hint trade ie at least 2 way. If it were 1-way, ie money grew on trees and therefore trees give us money 1-way but we don't give back, then sure, 'new money' is made), are closed and restricted. In a remote town, I am a baker. Today I spend $5 at the Allan's grocery. Tomorrow Allan spends the $5 at Beth's chemist. Then the day after, Beth spends $5 at my bakery. No one makes any extra/new money, you'd just spend it somewhere else. Enlarging it to planet earth, we are still restricted to planet Earth, and even if we do intergalactic trade, it's restricted to the Milky Way.
If someone invented/discovered a new thing, say, paper, or a new fruit, and tries to market it, in the remote town, how is it possible that anyone has any money to spare? If I decide to buy the paper/new fruit with my $5, I/A/B won't have $5 to spend elsewhere, depending on who is in possession of the $5 at that particular time. Same on a global scale.
With this in mind, how is it possible that new money is generated? How do businesses make profits? A new business entering the market is like trying to re-divide a company's shares... if there were 100 shares to start, you can't just make a 101st share. You can't have 101% out of 100%. An existing business might profit from customers that are earning more, but they can only earn more if the organisation they work for earns more, and so on
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