ANSWERS: 2
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The current discipline of the Latin Rite is that all Catholics are bound to receive the Sacrament of Reconciliation at Easter Time (before Trinity Sunday) IF they are in a state of serious (mortal) sin. Specifically, I don't know if there was a universal discipline in the Church in the Latin Rite for the past 200 years, although I can't imaging Bishops encouraging people to avoid the Sacrament of Reconciliation for the members of the Church in any time in the history of the Catholic Church.
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Yes, Catholics must all follow the catechism of the catholic church which states that they must go to reconciliation at least once a year and every time a mortal sin is committed. Italians are no different, and yes, Italians have been going to confession for the last 200 years.
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