Indirectly, yes. Directly, no.

no one owns the air, and there isn't any way to control the distribution of that air. It's free and everywhere, so even if a company wanted to, there is no possible way to charge for air. Also, if the government wanted to add a "tax" to everyone for that purpose, the people would never allow it to happen.

The government already taxes it. Not as a tax per se but as "carbon credits". Businesses pay for these and the business costs are passed on to the consumer. They are reflected in the pricewe pay for whatever product. I'd be more prone to call it a scam than a scheme. (From Wikipedia) Carbon credits are a key component of national and international emissions trading schemes that have been implemented to mitigate global warming. They provide a way to reduce greenhouse effect emissions on an industrial scale by capping total annual emissions and letting the market assign a monetary value to any shortfall through trading. Credits can be exchanged between businesses or bought and sold in international markets at the prevailing market price. Credits can be used to finance carbon reduction schemes between trading partners and around the world. There are also many companies that sell carbon credits to commercial and individual customers who are interested in lowering their carbon footprint on a voluntary basis. These carbon offsetters purchase the credits from an investment fund or a carbon development company that has aggregated the credits from individual projects. The quality of the credits is based in part on the validation process and sophistication of the fund or development company that acted as the sponsor to the carbon project. This is reflected in their price; voluntary units typically have less value than the units sold through the rigorously-validated Clean Development Mechanism[1].

Probably, alone with a fee for everytime we fart our C02 gas to the environment. My 2 cents.

Depending on were you live you pretty much do.

Well, I was surprised when bottled water came out and people paid for it. I'm waiting for someone to come out with a good label for a container of clean, fresh air and sell it! It's funny because about a few months ago, I saw someone trying to sell a jar of pure German (or some European) air in a jar, on ebay.