ANSWERS: 3
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High combustion temperatures. You don't mention make, model, year. Check EGR system if it's so equipped. Also check for vacuum leaks in hoses, intake manifold, etc., ignition timing excessively advanced [if applicable].
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it's actually nox(oxides of nitrogen) otherwise listen to saverio alot of people take off the stock cold air intake to replace it with a k&n etc. this pulls hot air from around the engine instead of cold from the front of the car. older carbureted cars have a device on the side of the air cleaner housing that will switch from taking hot air from the manifold or cold from the front. this could be malfunctioning.
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Inject hydrogen into the air intake hose.
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