ANSWERS: 2
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That's a good question, but I'll crunch some numbers for you. Your battery laptop battery contains about 193,536 Joules of energy. A 12V 50mA source can only produce 0.6W of power. In order to charge your laptop battery from full depletion to fully charged, that would take 90 hours. Not exactly practical. If you did want to do this, you just need to step up the voltage using a boost circuit, but you won't be charging anything fast.
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A much bigger, non-standard solar cell for starters! Maybe a high-powered 12V + 6V matched array in series, with output voltage regulation and clean under-voltage cut-off for starters, but to deal with useful levels of power, you'll need either a very beefy linear regulator or an efficient (but complex) switching buck/boost regulator capable of dealing with wide input variations as the level of sunlight fluctuates. You're going to get stuff-all with your 50mA array anyway. Probably not a beginner project, this one - unless your laptop is expendable! In order to get reasonable functionality, it's going to be expensive in materials and get a bit complex in the circuit design.
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