ANSWERS: 1
  • About 200 - 225 miles (321 - 362 km). The A4/V2 (Aggregat 4) was the first long range ballistic missile to be actively used in combat. It was an unmanned, guided by an advanced gyroscopic system that sent signals to aerodynamic steering tabs on the fins and vanes in the exhaust. It was propelled by an alcohol (a mixture of 75% ethyl alcohol and 25% water), and liquid oxygen fuel. The two liquids were delivered to the thrust chamber by two rotary pumps, driven by a steam turbine. The steam turbine operated at 5,000 rpm on two auxiliary fuels, namely hydrogen peroxide (80 %) and a mixture of 66% sodium permanganate with water 33%. This system generated about 55,000 lbs (24947 kg) of thrust at the start, which increased to 160,000 lbs (72574 kg) when the maximum speed was reached. The motor typically burned for 60 seconds, pushing the rocket to around 4,400 ft/second (1341 m/sec). It rose to an altitude of 52 to 60 miles (83 to 93 km) and had a range of 200 to 225 miles (321 to 362 km). The V2 carried an explosive warhead (Amatol Fp60/40) weighing approximately 738 kg (1 ton) that was capable of flattening a city block. It was first fired operationally on Sept. 8, 1944 against Paris then London, this was the beginning of the V2 campaign. The V2 could be fired in any direction from a mobile platform with minimal preparation. There were no detection devices or defences available, and as it impacted at three times the speed of sound, it could not even be heard by people in the target area until after it had struck. About 4,300 V2s were fired in all. The V2 program was estimated to have cost two billion dollars, with individual cost of a V2 around $50,000. Statistics of the V2: Power: Liquid-fuelled rocket motor Ethyl Alcohol (75%): 8179 lb, 3710 kg Liquid-oxygen: 10802 lb, 4900 kg Warhead: 1627 lb of explosives, 738 kg (not high explosives, because of frictional warmth exceeding 1200 degrees F during flight) Launch weight: 12.8 tons, 13000 kg Hydrogen Peroxide 285 lbs, 129 kg Sodium Permanganate 35 lbs, 15.8 kg Nitrogen 30 lbs (Nitrogen has multiple services, the difficult valve system is operated by it and the pressure in the alcohol tank is kept at a certain level). Thrust at liftoff: 55100 lb, 25,000 kg Fuel consumption, per sec: 286 lb, 130 kg Acceleration at liftoff: 0.9 g Burn time: 65 sec. Guidance: Gyro Preset Burning temp. 4802 degrees F, 2650 degrees C Consumption 276 lbs/per sec, 125 kg/per sec Max motor temp: ~2700 degrees C, ~4890 degrees F Motor pressure: 15 bar, 217 lb/sq inch Nozzle expansion ratio: 15.45:0.85 Warhead/Launch weight ratio: 0.075 Maximum speed: 5400 km/h, 3355 mph Maximum altitude: 96 km, 60 miles Length: 14 m, 46 feet Body diameter: 1.651 m, 5 ft. 5 inches Diameter over fins 3.55 m, 11 ft. 8 inches Rocket stays vertical after liftoff: 5 sec. -completes tilt within: 50 sec. -attains angle of 49 degrees from vertical at: 54 sec. -passes speed of sound: 25 sec. Velocity along trajectory (max): 1600 m / sec., 1 mi / sec. Impact velocity: 1100 m / sec., 3600 ft. / sec. Apogee of trajectory: 90 km, 56 mi Range: 320 km, 199 mi Flight Time: 5 minutes

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