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The measles vaccine is extremely effective. Before this vaccine, there were approximately 450,000 measles cases and 450 measles-associated deaths in the United States each year. Widespread use of the vaccine has reduced the number of measles cases in the United States by more than 99 percent. In fact, since the late 1980s — when there was a slight jump in measles cases and deaths, partly because kids weren't getting vaccines — health care professionals have stepped up immunization programs, and the number of measles cases has dropped to an all-time low. The measles vaccine is usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) inoculation, which contains the safest and most effective form of each vaccine. It's made by taking the measles virus from the throat of an infected person and adapting it to grow in chick-embryo cells in a lab. When this modified measles virus is given to a child as part of the MMR vaccine, the virus grows and causes a harmless infection before the immune system gets rid of it. This harmless infection causes 95 percent of children to develop lifetime immunity to the virus. But a second dose of the vaccine is recommended to protect the 5 percent who didn't develop immunity after the first dose and to boost immunity in the 95 percent who did. Doctors recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15 months of age, and again between 3 and 6 years of age — before entering school. Usually babies are protected from measles for four to six months after birth because of the immunity passed on from their mothers. If a child requires protection from measles before 12 months of age — for example, for certain foreign travel or in case of an outbreak — the vaccine can be given as early as 6 months of age. But it needs to be repeated after 12 months of age. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00331.html