ANSWERS: 2
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No, electromagnetic waves will not be directly affected by wind. The extra movement of air molecules that constitute wind is trivial compared to the speed with which they are already moving. The only way in which wind can affect such signals is by moving the mast, or moving things like leaves on trees into the signal path. But these will be pretty rare events. What would be more likely to affect the signals would be humidity; I would expect mobile signals to travel slightly further through very dry air than through humid air, and the effect would be larger through rain.
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If it is only wind, it won't have much influence. But if there are also variation in the air humidity, mechanichal effects on the antennas, electromagnetic perturbations, the weather will have some influence. 1) "Path loss (or path attenuation) is the reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system. This term is commonly used in wireless communications and signal propagation. Path loss may be due to many effects, such as free-space loss, refraction, diffraction, reflection, aperture-medium coupling loss, and absorption. Path loss is also influenced by terrain contours, environment (urban or rural, vegetation and foliage), propagation medium (dry or moist air), the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, and the height and location of antennas." Source and further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_loss I don't see here any influence of the wind. But whether air is dry or moist will have an influence. 2) Effects of the wind on the input signal: There could be some noise due to the action of the wind on the acoustic input signal of the cell phone microphones. 3) Interference because of wind turbines: "According to the American Wind Energy Association wind turbines can cause interference to received television, radio and cell phone signals, particularly when the turbines are located between the transmitter and receiver." Source and further information: http://wind.netwny.com/issues/radio_tv_interference.html 4) Storm / Hurricane: "There were no reports of the storm knocking down any cell phone towers, but many stopped working because of power problems." Source and further information: http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-08-29-telecom-issues-katrina_x.htm Further information: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/storm/interviews/clarke.html 5) Storm: elecromagnetic perturbations: "People should not use mobile phones outdoors during thunderstorms because of the risk of being struck by lightning, doctors said on Friday." Source and further information: http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/06/71230 Moreover, those electrical discharges taking place will affect the transmission of electromagnetic waves. 6) "Solar Storm Could Hinder Satellite, Cell Phone Signals" http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A11417-2003Oct24.html
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