This is a good and simple question that requires a very long response to answer fully. (Fear not; i'll be fairly brief.) The challenge started immediately before A & E sinned. Satan claimed that Jehovah's rule was too restrictive and that humans could self-rule effectively. He also claimed that humans could gain immortality through disobedience; he called Jehovah a liar. Since that day, the challenges have been many. In Job's day he claimed that human creation is defective in that people only serve Jehovah from selfish motive. By promoting every type of false religion (mono-, poly-and atheistic), he has tried to blind men to the truth about the one genuine God. By setting up all sorts of governments to play at ruling man, he has challenged Jehovah' authority as sovereign of the universe. So, in a few words, he has challenged God's truthfulness, his ability as Creator and his right to rule.

Here’s a version you’ll find in the Holy Qur’an (HQ). It begins soon after the creation of Adam and Eve and the disobedience stems from the pride and arrogance of Satan (called Iblis here and included in the command addressed to the angels) HQ 7:11-27 starts with God saying “ And We created you, then fashioned you, then told the angels: Fall ye prostrate before Adam! And they fell prostrate, all save Iblis, who was not of those who made prostration. 12. He (God) said: What hindered thee that thou didst not fall prostrate when I bade thee? (Iblis) said: I am better than him. Thou createdst me of fire while him Thou didst create of mud. 13. He (God) said: Then go down hence! It is not for thee to show pride here, so go forth! Lo! thou art of those degraded. 14. He (Iblis) said: Reprieve me till the day when they are raised (from the dead). 15. He (God) said: Lo! thou art of those reprieved. 16. He (Iblis) said : Now, because Thou hast thrown me out of the way, verily I shall lurk in ambush for them on Thy Right Path. 17. Then I shall come upon them from before them and from behind them and from their right hands and from their left hands, and Thou wilt not find most of them beholden (unto Thee). 18. He (God) said: Go forth from hence, degraded, banished. As for such of them as follow thee, surely I will fill hell with all of you. 19. And, O Adam! Dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden and eat from whence ye will, but come not nigh this tree lest ye become wrong doers. 20. Then Satan whispered to them that he might manifest unto them that which was hidden from them of their shame, and he said: Your Lord forbade you from this tree only lest ye should become angels or become of the immortals. 21. And he swore unto them (saying): Lo! I am a sincere adviser unto you. 22. Thus did he lead them on with guile. And when they tasted of the tree their shame was manifest to them and they began to hide (by heaping) on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And their Lord called them, (saying): Did I not forbid you from that tree and tell you: Lo! Satan is an open enemy to you? 23. They said : Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If Thou forgive us not and have not mercy on us, surely we are of the lost! 24. He (God) said: Go down (from hence), one of you a foe unto the other. There will be for you on earth a habitation and provision for a while. 25. He said: There shall ye live, and there shall ye die, and thence shall ye be brought forth. 26. O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and as splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of God, that they may remember. 27. O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that be might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends only for those who believe not.”

After A and E sinned, Satan did not challenge God anymore. That was Satan's last big hurrah! In the end, Satan and his demons will be cast into the lake of fire where they will burn forever along with all people who never became born again Christians. We born again Christians will spend all eternity in Heaven and be with our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, at least that is what God says. To argue this is futile. God always has the final Word. Amen and PTL.

A spirit son of God rebelled and set out to thwart Jehovah’s purpose, abusing the divine gift of free will. He disturbed the peace that comes to all who manifest loving submission to Jehovah’s sovereignty. Satan led the first human couple to embark on a course of independence from God. (Genesis 3:1-6) He did not deny Jehovah’s power, but he challenged His way of exercising sovereignty and therefore His right to rule. Thus, the fundamental issue of Jehovah’s sovereignty came into focus here on earth, at the very dawn of mankind’s history. Bound up with that primary issue of universal sovereignty is a secondary issue raised by Satan in the days of Job. Satan cast doubt on the motive of Jehovah’s creatures in submitting to Him and serving Him. Satan implied that they were doing so for selfish reasons and that put to the test they would turn against God. (Job 1:7-11; 2:4, 5) While raised in connection with a human servant of Jehovah, this challenge also involved the spirit sons of God, even Jehovah’s only-begotten Son.