The biggest difference is that dogs are domesticated, and wolves are wild animals. What that means is that dogs can be good pets and companions, while wolves are still wild and not suited to living with people. Because they are related, there are a lot of similarities, but wolves represent one end of the spectrum and domestic dogs the other.
Wolves are generally bigger and considerably more intelligent than dogs. They are certainly more aware of their environment than dogs, and respond to other animals and humans differently. Wolves don't bond with humans readily the way dogs will. Wolves have a complex pack structure that dogs don't, even when they go feral and pack up. Wolves are constantly testing each other's dominance, while dogs generally accept whatever established heirarchy they live in.
Wolves are active and able hunters, while many dog breeds have lost that talent. Wolves are stronger than dogs. Wolves pace, dogs trot. Dogs can be trained, wolves can't (with possible rare exceptions on both sides). In a wolf pack, only the alphas lift their legs to pee (even the alpha female will do this, though not necessarily all the time), and other pack members squat. The alphas will also prevent any other pack members from breeding, and when the pups are born, the whole pack helps raise them.
Wolves are fascinating creatures but they aren't just big dogs. While they are the same genus as dogs (canis) they are a different species: the wolf is canis lupus, the dog is canis familiaris. While I don't know all the biological distictions that make them separate species, there are definate differences.
Another difference is that most dog breeds are legal to own most places in the USA, while wolves are considered wild animals and therefore inherently dangerous (and in some places endangered) and are either illegal to own or require special licensing or other requirements beyond the means of the average pet owner.
A final note: while wolves and dogs can interbreed, wolf hybrids have a bad reputation that is largely justified. (It's not the animals' fault, but the fault of those who breed and sell them. Unfortunately, it's the animals, the victims, and the uninformed buyers who pay the price.) If the wolf traits breed true as they often do, the result is an animal more wolf than dog, and just as unsuited to being a pet as a full-blooded wolf, or even more so. The damage and injuries that wolf hybrids have caused has resulted in some places outlawing them completely, while others have made the penalties for any damage or injury caused by wolf hybrids extremely severe.
So for anyone who thinks that wolves belong anywhere but in the wild, the big difference is: Dogs make good pets. Wolves don't.
Comments
true, and good summary.
by lynnenorth on January 11th, 2006
Wolves are the same species as domestic dogs. That they can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring proves that. This is the definition of "species"--the ability to mate and produce fertile offspring.
by Anonymous on August 5th, 2006