Who wrote the Qur'an?

Islamic belief holds that the angel Gabriel spoke the Qur'an to the prophet Muhhamad and was ordered to recite (because he could not read or write). Muhammad later taught the Qur'an to the followers he gained shortly thereafter, who wrote these teachings on anything they could find, such as bark or leaves, or paper if available. After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr compiled these teachings to form the original Qur'an which was copied and spread by the Muslims. As time elapsed differing copies of the Qur'an appeared. This was a huge issue because of the Islamic belief that the word of God could not be corrupted, and the 3rd caliph after Muhammad's death, Uthman, ordered that all copies of the Qur'an be gathered. They studied each text, and what was deemed as original was compiled to make the Qur'an we see today. All of the manuscripts and parchments or bark and leaves were then destroyed to prevent further corruption, the only issue being that now we have now way of performing a textual study to actually show that the current Qur'an is the original.

Here's someone who was a Catholic and then became an evangelical born-again Christian saying that the HQ is God's words.
.

Qura'n, like other scriptures, is supposed to have been either written by inspired individuals or dictated to individuals, except the Tablets of Ten Commandments, given to Moses, were inscribed by God. Unfortunately, Moses destroyed them on the Golden Calf.

The problem to authenticate such statements occurs when one tries to look into it more deeply and critically. Present day human knowledge, especially, after Darwin and Uri-Miller proving Evolution as fact, makes it extremely difficult for human mind to accept Divinity. This knowledge dictates Man to stop thinking about 'Some' higher power and start taking charge of its own affairs...meaning...take responsibility and act accordingly.

So, neither Jesus could have been conceived with Divine insemination nor Qura'n has been dictated by Allah.

It shall make sense to conduct an unbiased research to establish the authenticity of author or authors of the Qura'n.

Thus far, most of the writing about the subject is biased, written by Muslims, or prejudiced, written by those who are not friendly to Islam.

The argument presented by Muslims of Qura'n high literary standard that could only have been written by Allah is more reverence than logic. Good or bad literary work is very subjective and Qura’n should be judged accordingly. It is a good piece of poetic literature, nothing more. It is neither a historical chronicle nor a scientific book. Trying to find either or both would like finding Mathematical formulae in the Rubayyat of Omar Khayam.

Present day Qura'n is not what was supposed to have been revealed: Arabs of Western Arabian Peninsula did not speak Arabic the same as the Arabs of the East. Even today the differences are very noticeable. Present day Qura'n is of the Arabic from Baghdad and not from Arabic of Mecca. Hijazi Arabs, even today, have great difficulty in pronouncing guttural sounds, like Qa’f or Ai’n. Even Hamza, the glottal stop was introduced later.

Thus far, writings on Qura’n’s authorship reveal something more conclusive. Historically, the Prophet has been proven to be able to read: the Treaty of Hudaiba is the proof. “The treaty was quite controversial for many reasons. Originally the treaty referred to Muhammad as the Messenger of God which was unacceptable to the Quraish ambassador Suhayl ibn Amr. Muhammad ordered Ali to strike it out, but Ali replied that he would not as it would be false, after which Muhammad himself rubbed the words. (Sahih Bukhari 3:49:62, Sahih Muslim 19:4404”

It only proves that the Prophet could read. Once established that he could read, Prophet’s statement that he supposed to have repeated three times when the First Ayat ‘Iqra..’ was revealed: ‘Ana ma biqari’ “ I cannot read” becomes very questionable. It could be argued that the Prophet was not able to read at the time of the revelation but later on, he did learn how to read and write. There is no mention of such an important feat in Islamic History.

Leaving it aside, the other aspect of Qura’n being word of God is even more puzzling: How come Allah, all knowing, did not know that his Prophet was illiterate yet asked him to read and why there is no mention of the substance upon which the words were written. The order of angle Gabriel: “Iqra” and the response of the Prophet: ‘Ana ma biqari’ appear nonsensical. If the word ‘Iqra’ is translated to be ‘say’ then the word ‘Qul’ should have been used. How come the highest piece of Arabic literature could not differentiate between ‘Iqra’ and ‘Qul’?

Once we establish that the Holy Qura’n is not the word of Allah, then it shall become easier to establish who was or were the authors of the Qura’n.

NB. I am a Muslim trying to find the Truth.

I don't think we'll ever find out the truth.

As anyone who inquires gets a load of screaming and yelling.

http://debate.org.uk/topics/history/debate/debate.htm

1 the Arabs

2 Mohammad (peace be upon him)

3 Allah (GOD)

(NOTE: The first part is not meant to be a rigorous proof. It is
something to ponder upon. However, the second part, about
Mohammad [pbuh] wrote it' contains more extensive proof.)


Besides the above mentioned sources, Quran couldn't possibly
have been written by ANYONE else.

No other source is possible, because Quran is written in pure,
rich, and poetic Arabic, which was not known to anyone other
than the above mentioned sources, at that time. The Arabic
language was at its peak in expression, richness, vocabulary,
artistic, and poetic value during the time the Quran was being
revealed. Anyone speaking the classical Arabic ( the Arabic of
Quran at the time it was revealed) would argue that a non-Arab
entity couldn't possibly have written such an extensive and
brilliant piece of literature in the Arabic language. Quran
could only have been written by an Arabic speaking entity. An
entity, who's knowledge, style, vocabulary, grammar, and way of
expression was so powerful that it impacted the entire Arabian
peninsula, the east, the west, and continues to impact people
all over the globe today!

At no other time, in the history of Arabic language, had it ever
achieved its peak in expression, literature, and development,
than the time of Arabia during the 6th Century, the time when
Quran was being revealed. At no other time in the history of
Arabic language had the language ever achieved its highest
potential than the time of Arabia during the 6th Century, the
time when Quran was being revealed. The language reached its
peak in richness, artistic value, and poetry, during that
time. With the Arabic language at its peak, and the best of
Arabic writers, poets present in Arabia, it is impossible that a
non-Arabic speaking entity would write a book like Quran and
have such a dynamite impact on the Arabs!

So only an Arabic speaking entity could have write Quran. With
that in mind, we're left with three choies:


1 - the Arabs wrote it

2 - Mohammad (pbuh) wrote it

3 - Allah (swt) wrote it


Lets examine the three choces one by one.


(1) Arabs Wrote it ? ---------------------

What Quran teaches goes DIRECTLY against the pagan Arab culture,
religion, and gods, that existed before the Quran was revealed.
Quran condemns idol worshipping, but the Arabs, loved their idol
gods, and worshipped them regularly. Quran raised the status
of women; the Arabs treated women next to animals. The Arabs
would never write something that goes against their most
important belief of idol worshipping. Quran goes against most
of the social habbits (such as backbiting, slandering, name
calling, etc) which the Arabs were heavily indulged into. For
example, the Arabs would call insulting nicknames such as Abu
Jahal (the father of ignorance). Quran condemns and prohibits
taking interest on money, whereas, the Arabs freely levied heavy
interest rates in loans and businesses. Quran condemns and
prohibits Alcohol drinking, whereas, the Arabs consumed alcohol
freely. The Quran condemns and prohibits gambling, whereas,
the Arabs were some of the worst gamblers. The Arabs would
never write something so comprehensively against just about all
of their customs and culture and religious beliefs, as the Quran
is.

During the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh), the Arabs would
indulge in all the social habbits that the Quran condemns and
prohibits. How can Arabs then write something that would negate
their entire society's norms and ideologies ?

Did a group of Arabs or an individual Arab write Quran? Perhaps
a rebel Arab beduoin, or a society's misfit, or someone with
different ideals and norms decided one day to write Quran? The
answer to those questions are also 'no'. Because, if we read
Quran, we notice that there is no author ! No individual has
his/her name written on the cover of Quran! Anytime an
individual writes a book, he/she writes his/her name on the
cover. The author's name always appears on his/her book, and
there is always an author who is credited for writing that book.
No one in the history of the world has EVER claimed to have
written the Quran, nor anyone's name ever appeared in front of
the Quran as bein the 'author'. This is the only book in the
world without an author. No one in the world has ever been
accused of writing the Holy Quran, except the Prophet Mohammad
(peace be upon him), by non-muslims.

Quran has no author, and no group or individual in Arabia ever
claimed to have written it, nor any group or an indvidual
recited, taught, and explained Quran except the Prophet Mohammad
(pbuh) and his followers. The Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon
him) was the only Arabian who first practiced, explained, and
preached Quran, and ended up making a lot of Arab tribes
enemies. Any historian, Muslim or non-Muslim would argue that
the only possible source of Quran can be the Prophet Mohammad
(pbuh), the man responsible to recite it, teach it, and expalin
it to the people of Arabia. In fact, many historians today
still think that only Mohammad (pbuh) could possibly have
written it.

This leads one to conclude that the Prophet (pbuh) must have
written it !


(2) Mohammad (pbuh) wrote it ? ------------------------------

First, he was illiterate !! How can an illiterate person come
up with such a rich, poetic, intellectual, and inspiring text
that it rocked the entire Arabia ?

Mohammad (pbuh) never went to school ! No one taught him. He
had no teacher of any kind in any subjects. How can he have the
knowledge of all the science, astronomy, oceanography, etc that
is contained in the Quran ? ( For example, the mention of
ocean currents, stars, earth, moon, sun and their fixed paths in
Soorah Rahman; and many other scientific statements that are
found in Quran, that I cannot state in this short article)

When Quran was revealed, the Arabic language was at its peak in
richness, poetic value, literature, etc. Quran came and
challenged the best literature in Arabic, the best poetry in
Arabic of the time. Mohammad (pbuh) being illiterate couldnt
possibly have come up with something so immaculate that it even
exceded the best of poetry, and literature in Arabic at the time
of the language's PEAK development. Arabic language had never
been so rich in expression, poetic value, vocabulary, and
variety in literature, as it was in the time of Quran. At a
time like this, Quran came and exceeded the best of Arabic in
all aspects of the language: poetry, literature, expression,
etc. Any classical Arabic speaker would appreciate the
unbeatten, unchallenged, and unmatched beauty of the language of
Quran.

An illiterate man is simply not capable of writing such a book.

Mohammad (pbuh) had no reason to come up with something like
Quran, and cause the entire society of Arabia to become his
enemy. Why would he do something like that? Why would he write
something going against almost all of the norms of the society,
and lose his family, relatives, friends, and other loved ones ,
and not to mention all the wealth he lost ?


Quran was revealed over a period of 23 years ! A very long
time! Is it possible for someone to maintain the same exact
style of Arabic speech , as demonstrated in Quran, for over 23
years ?

Also, what the prophet Mohammad (saaw) used to say is recorded
in what we call his hadeeth (sunnah). If we look at the Arabic
style of the hadeeth, and compare it with the style of Quran, we
can clearly see that they are clearly DIFFERENT, and
DISTINGUISHABLE Arabic styles. The prophet (saaw) spoke in
public. It does not make sense that a man has two UNIQUE,
Distinguishable, and completely different styles of speech in
public. Yet another reason why Mohammad (saaw) couldn't
possibly have written Quran.

Quran was revealed over a period of 23 years ! A very long
time! Is it possible for someone to maintain the same exact
style of Arabic speech , as demonstrated in Quran over 23 years
?

Here's what our famous Muslim Scholar, Ahmad Deedat said:

[From Ahmed Deedat]

WAS QURAN WRITTEN OR INSPIRED? ------------------------------


"Behold! The angels said: "O Mary! God has chosen you and
purified
you - Chosen you above the women of all nations."
Qur'an-3:42


THE SOURCE OF HIS MESSAGE

"Chosen you above the women of all nations." Such an honour is
not to be found given to Mary even in the Christian Bible!
...........
Knowing full-well, and believing as we do, that the whole Quran
is the veritable Word of God, we will nevertheless agree, for
the sake of argument, with the enemies of Muhammed (pbuh) for a
moment, that he wrote it. We can now expect some cooperation
from the unbeliever.

Ask him, "Have you any qualms in agreeing that Muhammed (pbuh)
was an Arab?" Only an opinionated fool will hesitate to agree.
In that case there is no sense in pursuing any discussion. Cut
short the talk. Close the book!

With the man of reason, we proceed. "That this Arab, in the
first instance, was addressing other Arabs. He was not talking
to Indian Muslims, Chinese Muslims, or Nigerian Muslims. He was
addressing his own people - the Arabs. Whether they agreed with
him or not, he told them in the most sublime form - words that
were seared into the hearts and minds of his listeners that Mary
the mother of Jesus -A JEWESS- was chosen above the women of all
nations. Not his own mother, nor his wife nor his daughter, nor
any other Arab woman, but a Jewess! Can one explain this?
Because to everyone his own mother or wife, or daughter would
come before other women.

Why would the Prophet of Islam honour a woman from his
opposition! and a Jewess at that! belonging to a race which had
been looking down upon his people for three thousand years? Just
as they still look down upon their Arab brethren today.


SARAH AND HAGAR

The Jews get their cock-eyed racism from their Holy Bible, where
they are told their father, Abraham, had two wives -Sarah and
Hagar. They say that they are the children of Abraham through
Sarah, his legitimate wife; that their Arab brethren have
descended through Hagar, a "bondwoman", and that as such, the
Arabs are inferior breed.

Will anyone please explain the anomaly as to why Muhammed (pbuh)
(if he is the author) chose this Jewess for such honour? The
answer is simple - HE HAD NO CHOICE - he had no right to speak
of his own desire. "IT IS NO LESS THAN AN INSPIRATION SENT DOWN
TO HIM." (Qur'an, 53:4).


SURA MARYAM

There is a Chapter in the Holy Quran, named Sura Maryam "Chapter
Mary" (XIX) named in honour of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ
(pbuh); again, such an honour is not to be found given to Mary
in the Christian Bible. Out of the 66 books of the Protestants
and 73 of the Roman Catholics, not one is named after Mary or
her son. You will find books named after Matthew, Mark, Luke,
John, Peter, Paul and two score more obscure names, but not a
single one is that of Jesus or Mary!

If Muhammed (pbuh) was the author of the Holy Quran, then he
would not have failed to include in it with MARYAM, the mother
of Jesus, his own mother - AMINA, his dear wife - KHADIJA, or
his beloved daughter - FATIMA. But No! No! this can never be.
The Quran is not his handiwork!

Another Muslim writes:


-----------------------------------------------FORWARDED
ARTICLE---

From: Abu Abdullah; Subject: Re: Mohammad Wrote the Quran ??
[KORAN] Date: Sat, 05 Aug 95 12:44:14 EDT
--------------------------------------------------------


I was reading about the charge that the prophet, Mohammed
(pbuh), has written the Quran himself. Before you go any further
in reading this post, please ask yourself whether you are a
honest truth seeker or just another argumentative person, if the
former, continue, otherwise, save your time and jump to the next
post.

Islam is based on faith that is supported by a number of
strong miracles such as knowing what events to take place
ahead of time or coming up with supernatural deeds in front of
people. The holy Quran has these signs and much more. First, The
holy Quran predicted many events to take place ahead of the time
of the revelation of that verse; for example, predicting the
destruction of Persian empire at a time where the later had a
monumental victory over Rome. If the prophet, as some people
claim, has written the Quran, then he would have put his future
in real jeopardy (50% chance) since neither satellite photos nor
on-ground intelligence personnel were available to him at the
revelation time. Further, numerous details about many natural
phenomena were detailed in the Quran and, until recently, they
were proven by experts to be amazingly accurate. For example of
the physical development of the fetus inside the womb along with
timing given by many verses matches exactly what leading
authorities in Embryology are claiming to be recent
discoveries. Moreover, verses that gives descriptions about the
creation of the universe and the function of mountains in
balancing earth and many other descriptions/explanations are
available to be read and to be understood. If the prophet was
the author, wouldn't he be prone to make weak inferences similar
to those who claim that earth is square and whoever says
otherwise should be killed?

The prophet also has demonstrated many supernatural
miracles not by his own power, but by the power of the
creator. He went to Jerasalem back in one night and gave a
detailed description of the carnival that was traveling on that
route and also specific accedint happend to them at that noght
(in those days, it takes a month or so for a round-trip). In
another ocasion, he provided water for an entire army from a
small plate between his hands. There are many other miracles
that require serious truth seeker to read about and to think
about it.

From the above, it reasonable to conclude that the Quran is
not the
PROPHET CREATION. HE HAD NO WAY TO PREDICT ALL THESE EVENTS AND
TO BE RIGHT ALL THE TIME, ESPECIALLY WHEN KNOWING THAT THE
PROPHET HIMSELFE WAS ILLITERATE !!!
-----------------------------end-forwarded-article---


------------------------------------------------------------
Embryology and Life Sciences in Quran
-------------------------------------------------------------

"The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology"
K.L. Moore

5th Edition, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co. (1982) ISBN
07216 4662-X $33.95


--------------------------------------------------------------------


The work by Prof. Keith Moore is probably the most detailed
study of the subject. Prof. Keith Moore is Professor and
Chairman of the Department of Anatomy, University of Toronto.

His books on anatomy and on embryology are used at many medical
school as standard instruction books. The Yale Medical school
uses both his books. The Yale Bookstore phone number for
Medical books is: (203) 772-2081. Their general information
number is (203) 432-4771. (New Haven, Connecticut)


He is *the* authority on embryology. I strongly recommend the
latest edition of the latter book as it mentions how accurately
the Qur'an describes embryo development.

Prof. Moore has said:

"It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify
statements in
the Qur'an about human development. It is clear to me that
these statements must have come to Muhammed from God or Allah
because almost all of this knowledge was not discovered until
many centuries later. This proves to me that Mohammed must
have been a messenger of God or Allah."


Prof. Marshal Johnson, Professor and Chairman of the Department
of Anatomy and Director of the Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas
Jefferson University, Philadelphia

He says:

"The Qur'an describes not only the development of external
form but emphasizes also the internal stages -- the stages
inside the embryo of its creation and development, emphasizing
major events recognized by contemporary science.... If I were
to transpose myself into that era, knowing what I know today
and describing things, I could not describe the things that
were described. I see no evidence to refute the concept that
this individual Mohammed had to be developing this information
from some place, so I see nothing in conflict with the concept
that Divine Intervention was involved...."

-------------------------------------------------------------


To receive a copy of the article that Moore wrote about
'Highlights of Human Embryology in the Koran and Hadith' please
e-mail me at adam3@netcom.com

--------------------------------------------------------------


That leaves us to our third option: God wrote it !


May Allah Guide Us All to Straight Path. Ameen.

QURAN: Chapter 4, Verse 82:

"Do they not consider (ponder) on the Quran?
If it had been from anyone except Allah, they would
surely have found in it much discrepency
(contradictions)."


ALLAH CHALLENGES:

Still unsure or doubtful ? Quran is the word of Allah. Allah
challenges to His creations:

Chapter 2, Verses 23 & 24

2: 23. "And if you are in doubt as to what We have revealed
to our servant, Then produce a Chapter like thereunto;
And call your witnesses or helpers besides Allah, If
you are true."

2: 24. "But if you cannot, and surely you cannot, Then fear
the fire Whose fuel is men and stones, Which is
prepared for those who reject."


Try reading and understanding the meaning with explanation of
the following verses also !

Chapter 10, verse 38 Chapter 11, verse 13 Chapter 17 verse 88


Wa salamo alaykum,

May Allah Guide Us All to Straight Path. Ameen.

The Qu'ran clearly states "if it had been written by man, you would have found many discrepancies therein". Allah is the author and therefore it is divine. This is Muslim belief. Men wrote down what Allah had authored.

‘Whenever a revelation was conveyed to his companions, the Prophet would also mention in which surah (chapter) and after which ayat (verse) this new revelation should fit.’

Your statement about the present Chronology being the same as revealed is total nonsense. The 1st Sura is sitting at the 95th place and the 5th Sura is sitting at 1st place. Furthermore, the 2nd Sura was not revealed until after the Hijra, in Medina. It makes the mockery of Allah’s Intelligence.

One of the many scribes during the life of the Prophet was Zaid ibne Thabet. Caliph Uthman recognized his integrity and appointed him to collect all the suras and compile them into one tome. Thus far history is quite clear and the event has been corroborated by various quotations from the Companions and Ahadiths.

It is also clear and authenticated that Chronology was sequenced differently to the original sequence of revelation. The reason of sequencing has never been made clear over the long period of Islamic history. One needs not be a Wittgenstein to understand it. HQ’s Chronology is not the same as the Scripture was revealed.

The Old Testament is a compilation of various books written by various authors whether inspired or revealed is another matter. Similarly, the Gospel is also written by human beings inspired by God.

There should be open research on HQ to establish facts. It would help Muslims first to understand their own religion, forget about the enemies of Islam. Younger generation needs to know the facts. We live in an era of facts. We cannot deny facts to our children.
It is our duty to inform them the TRUTH, no matter how distasteful it might be. Otherwise, we shall keep on living in a religious ‘Jahilia’ as we claim Arabs were living before Islam.

it's God's words

the direct words from god revealed to Mohammed without a letter more or less.

http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1158658476814&pagename=Zone-English-Living_Shariah%2FLSELayout

Hi, read the information in the links provided:

http://www.islamalways.com/en/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=97

http://www.islam101.com/quran/preservedQ.htm


books: (require acrobat reader)
Who Wrote the Quran?
http://www.islamhouse.com/en/books/pdf/en2297.pdf

Ulum al Quran
An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an
AHMAD VON DENFFER

(partial)
Ch. 1-6(?) only (The actual thing has eight chapters.)

http://www.mastampa.org/ebooks/ulumalquran.pdf

or

http://www.islamworld.net/UUQ/

Was Holy Qur’an meant to be written down?

Just pause and think:

Prophet Mohammad [PBUH] was an illiterate.
[He could count to 72, at least, by the number of virgins he promised to jihadi 'martyrs'!]

The Quran was ‘revealed over 22 years from his age 40 until his death.
[The descriptions in ‘hadith’ would fit the medical diagnosis of an epileptic fit.]

Not once did Allah command his ‘messenger’ to write down the stuff.
[Perhaps he knew pretty well as he was ‘making it all up on the go’ and did not want evidence of contradictions recorded!]

Mohammad’s Allah referred to the known competition as the ‘religions of the BOOK’ and the infidels as ‘the people of the BOOK’, or ‘those who have been given the BOOK’.
[Then why would he give some other BOOK to his=Allah’s followers?!]

The full verse in ‘Repentance’ [At-Tauba] 9: 29’ reads:

“Fight those who not believe in Allah-and-the-Last-Day, —and do not forbid what Allah-and-his-messenger have forbidden— such men Practise not the religion of Truth, being of those who have been given ‘the Book’ [Jews & Christians] until they pay the required tribute [jaziya tax] with their own hands while they are in a state of subjection --and have been humiliated.” [brackets added for clarification]

Prophet Mohammad [PBUH] hated intelligent and civilised pastimes like playing chess.
[Why would he revere a book?]

“such men practise not the religion of Truth, being of those who have been given ‘the Book’ [Jews & Christians]”
Prophet Mohammad [PBUH] / Allah clearly linking book[s] to ‘religion of untruth’! Strange!!

[Then why Mohammedans would be given ‘a book’
and end up ‘practising not the religion of Truth’?!]

And if Allah wanted His revelations to be recorded, didn’t he engrave the 10 commandments on stone-tablets?

And if Allah wanted His revelations to be re-recorded, why would he choose an illiterate for a messenger?! Nowadays, one wouldn’t even employ an illiterate postman, would they?

So one of them [Mohammad & Allah’s word] is lying!
Or in fact, those who follow Qur’an, are really ‘practising not the religion of Truth’.

Oops! Prophet Mohammad [PBUH] couldn’t even say: “Back to the drawing-board!”

‘Back to the desert and camels’, perhaps?!

This question will get a huge discrepency in answers no matter what due to a variation of the word "wrote". If you ask a Muslim, they will say Allah did, because we see that word as meaning "authored", but a non-muslim will say "Muhammed did it so it was written by man". Muslims believe that the Koran is quite literally God's word spoken to Muhammed (pbuh). That being the case, we believe that Allah wrote (authored/dictated) the Koran and the prophet had it penned for the rest of the world to read. In a sense, we are all right, in a way, it was Allah and in a way it was Muhammed (pbuh). It just depends on your meaning of the word "wrote" and if you believe in the teachings of Islam.

I hope you did not mean who authored the Quran because I will answer the question you asked not he one you meant. For the answer of the the former question, please see my forthcoming book on the matter.

I have looked into it. There are three different independent sources of the Quran text today. One was the wife of the porphet who had a scroll witht he full text on it. The other was written and compiled inot one document by Ali after the death of Mohamad.
Finaly, Scrolls that were gathered by the second caliph from the scribes at mohamad's time were used by an independent committee. The committee had Hassan bin Thabit the prophet's companion and poet and another man who was also a companiono f the porphet and very knowledgable int he Quran. This committe worked to verify the content and order of verses in each 'chapter' of the Quran by finding (Hafidh) people who memorize the quran. There were many of those and the committe was prompted into action because many of those were starting to die. Each verse had to be verified by two different Hafidh's other than committe mambers and the scrolls it was found in. Occasionaly, they would go back to the umu salama's (the prophet's wife copy) to see if there research has yileded simliar results. Ali copy was older and completely independent, yet identical neverthless.
The order of the 'chapters' is said to differ in Ali's Quran, but this is of no bearing because a Sura(what is a unit of text in Quran) is not really a chapter per se. It is a self contained unit of the Quran that gives more menaing to its other suras and at the same time explained by it. This ia an interesting part of the Quranic composition which is out side the scope of this answer, but you are welcome to read my book on the issue.
It is said that the committee only used one verse that wasverified by one Hafidh. The verse has no real bearing on the completeness of the text. its location is known and does nto seem to be absent from umu slama's copy or Ali's copy.

Some authors have made a name for themselves attacking the Quran's authenticity but they are mostly publicity stunts to gain fame.

Please show me some kind of uniqueness of the Quran that is not taken from Judaism or the Holy Torah. This religion is man-made, a carbon copy of Judaism with some added Christian beliefs.
WWW.KEEP7.COM

Please show me some kind of uniqueness of the Quran that is not taken from Judaism or the Holy Torah. This religion is man-made, a carbon copy of Judaism with some added Christian beliefs.
WWW.KEEP7.COM