ANSWERS: 2
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IN Hinduism most auspicious occasions be it marraige or janoi (initiation into faith) and even the name of child (1st letter) is derived from "Kundli". Kundli is a horoscope or drawing depicting the positions of major stars at the time of the birth of the child. This is drawn by a pundit (knoledgeble person) or astrologer. For marraige the pundit checks the kundlis of the couple and ascertains that they are compatible and based on that determines the auspicous date for the marraige. But of course there are many dates in the year which are considered to be auspicious enough like sharad purnima and during month of november and april 20th too.
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According to www.panchangam.com/ The "Indian calendar uses phases of the Moon and the positions of planets, and identifies auspicious times and days for various activities." This would include phases of the moon, positions of planets etc. Certain combinations eg crescent moon/Mars in a part. spot would be a special day (either auspcious or inauspicious). I know that the Balinese Hindu system works this way: The month is lunar, consisting of 28 days ie 4 weeks x 7 days. (these now have the Indonesian names : Minggu, Senin, Selasa,Rabu, Kemis, Sabtu) There is also a five day market week: the days are Wetonan, Legi, Pahing, Pon, Wagé, Kliwon. Certain combinations of the seven day and five day week are auspcious. eg Jumat/Kliwon might be good while others are not. There is also an ancient 3 day week. Certain combinations of the three week systems are especially auspicious.
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