What does low platelets mean?

Platelets are microscopic disc-shaped cells that help blood clot. They only live for about 10 days, and are found in blood flowing through veins and arteries. They also line the insides of the blood vessels. A low platelet count can be harmful because it can lead to thinning of the blood vessel lining, which may make the blood leak and cause bleeding.

Normal Platelet Count

The normal platelet count is 150,000 to 400,000 platelets per microliter of blood. This is expressed in the formula 150,000 to 400,000 cells/mm3.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a disease in which the immune system makes antibodies that attack platelets as well as platelet-producing cells, called megakaryocytes. ITP can be acute or chronic. Acute ITP is most common in children and often goes away by itself after several weeks or months. Chronic ITP is found in adults and requires medical treatment.

Danger Levels

When platelet counts dip below 100,000 cells/mm3, there is an increased risk of bleeding with injury. If the count goes below 50,000 cells/mm3, there arises a risk of bleeding even without injury; if the count goes below 10,000 cells/mm3 there is a risk of spontaneous bleeding.

Warning Signs and Symptoms

Signs of low platelet counts, according to the Chemo Care website, include increased bruising, red dots or bumps on your skin or bleeding from your rectum, gums or nose. Symptoms include spontaneous bleeding, bleeding that won't stop after five minutes of pressure, dizziness or lightheadedness, and double vision.

What To Do

If you suspect you have low platelet counts, see a doctor at once. Avoid contact sports, strenuous exercise or using any sharp objects that could lead to injury. Avoid medicine that might interfere with the blood's clotting ability, such as aspirin and ibuprofin. Ultimately, your doctor might prescribe medication such as Oprelvekin or recommend a platelet transfusion.

Source:

Chemo Care: Low Blood Counts

Nplate Romiplostim: What is ITP?