by 
The Curious Bag
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Chromatography is an analytical tool used by chemists to separate components of a mixture. The two main features are the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
Stationary Phase
The stationary phase separates the components of a mixture based on their affinity for it.
Features
The stationary phase may be a solid or a liquid that is immobilized on a column. It is made of porous particles, a capillary or fibrous material.
Mobile Phase
The mobile phase carries the mixture through the column stationary phase.
Features
The mobile phase is either a liquid or a gas. The temperature of the gas or the polarity of the liquid can be adjusted to allow greater separation and retention of the components of a mixture.
Types of Chromatographic Separation
There are several types of chromatographic separations, including column chromatography, thin layer chromatorgraphy and gas chromatography.
Detectors
In order to determine whether a separation has occurred, a detector is required to identify the components of a mixture as they exit the column. Common detectors include mass spectrometers, photoionization detector and chemiluminescence detector.
Source:
Library4science: Stationary phase
University of Adelaide: Gas chromatography (GC) detectors
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