by 
The Curious Bag
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Malware is short for "malicious software." It is designed to creep into a computer without the user's consent. The term "malware" is an umbrella term that comprises a number of different types of hostile and intrusive software programs.
Types
Malware includes viruses, worms, spyware, keystroke loggers, crimeware, Trojan horses (a malicious program disguised as an innocuous one) and any other software that the user didn't agree to install.
Purpose
A malware virus can have many aims. Some are annoying but harmless pranks, while others aim to enrich the virus sender by stealing confidential information from the computer.
Symptoms
You may receive overt symptoms of malware such as search engine redirects and continuous pop-up advertisements, or you may notice more subtle effects, including a slowdown in your computer's performance.
Warnings
Only open email attachments from trusted sources. Keep your operating system current, including with security patch updates.
Prevention
Install antivirus and malware protection on your computer. Run regular scans and quarantine or remove suspected threats. Ensure that that your email program is set up to run real-time scans.
Source:
Microsoft: Defining Malware: FAQ
Semantic Corporation: Malware: How They Attack
ARS Technica: What It Is and How To Prevent It
More Information:
PC World: Top Antivirus Software
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