Nonprescription Options

According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, nonprescription (over-the-counter) analgesic medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen (Tylenol). Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen.

Prescription Options

Prescription medications for pain include a class of medications called COX-2 inhibitors and opioid (narcotic) compounds such as codeine, oxycodone, morphine and hydrocodone.

NSAID Risk Factors

The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library (MMOML) recommends cautious use of NSAIDs in patients with renal (kidney) insufficiency, significant atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries) or multiple risk factors for cardiovascular health.

NSAID Management

Individuals who do not experience pain relief from a maximum NSAID dosage should discontinue use of the medication, according to the MMOML. Since response to NSAID medications varies, these individuals may benefit from another NSAID treatment option.

Opioid Risks and Management

Users of opioid pain medications run significant risks of addiction or abuse. However, these medications are effective for both severe and chronic pain, and doctors can typically minimize abuse risks through proper drug management.

Source:

U.S. National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health: Pain Medications

The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library: Pain: Introduction