Glaucoma

An eye doctor checks for glaucoma, which causes pressure to build up inside the eye, by applying gentle pressure to the cornea. He does this with air puffs or another device made for this purpose.

Color Blindness

An eye doctor tests for color blindness by having a patient read letters or numbers that are a different color than the background on a page.

Acuity Test

In an acuity test, or retinoscopy, the doctor asks the patient to read letters and numbers on the opposite wall, which range from a larger to smaller size.

Refraction

In a refraction test, the doctor puts an instrument containing interchangeable lenses in front of a patient's eyes and shows a letter or number through different lenses, asking which one looks clearer, according to All About Vision.

Cover Test

In a cover, or eye muscle, test, the doctor has the patient cover one eye while following a moving point of light with the other. This tests for poor eye muscle control, which can cause vision complications.

Slit Lamp Exam

In a slit lamp examination, a doctor inspects the interior and exterior of the eye through a microscope. A doctor may also use other techniques during a specific examination.

Source:

All About Vision

More Information:

Mayo Clinic: What You Can Expect