-
An ecosystem exists in balance through the mutually beneficial relationships that exist between plants and animals. In ecological terms, plants are producers, taking energy from the sun to fuel photosynthesis. Animals act as consumers, feeding on plants and continuing other essential processes such as nutrient cycling. While the advantages may seem to be lopsided in favor of animals, plants benefit equally from the presence and interaction with animals.
Animal Pollination
Because plants are stationary, pollinators such as hummingbirds are necessary so that plants can flower.
Nutrient Availability
Animals help distribute nutrients through the ecosystem by making nitrogen, tied up in above-ground plant growth, available to plants through animal waste.
Grazing
Animals such as the American bison benefit prairie grasses by grazing primarily on the visible plant portions, enabling grasses to focus their resources on root growth for better adaptation to arid conditions.
Plant Biodiversity
Another benefit of animal grazing is the increase in plant biodiversity as grass-loving herbivores provide opportunities for other plant species to take hold, thereby boosting the biologically health of the ecosystem.
Genetic Viability
Animals benefit plants by ensuring their genetic viability through seed dispersal which distributes their genetic stock to other locations thus preventing inbreeding.
Source:
University of Idaho: Seed Dispersal by Animals
Pollination: Pollination By Animals
More Information:
Copyright 2023, Wired Ivy, LLC