by 
The Curious Bag
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<h4 class="dechead">On One Hand: Mantel Definition
A mantel is technically the beam, stone or arch that supports the masonry of a fireplace, according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary. This is a matter of engineering and architecture. Any existing fireplace should have a mantel and it would be impossible to remove in most cases.
On the Other: Mantelpiece Definition
A mantelpiece is the shelf above the fireplace, placed there for decorative purposes. The words "mantel" and "mantelpiece" are often both used to refer to the decorative shelf. They can also refer to the wood surrounding the fireplace, which is also for decoration. The mantelpiece can be changed, replaced or removed completely without damaging the structure in many fireplaces.
Bottom Line
A mantel in the strict, architectural interpretation, is required. Any opening in masonry must have some support above it. A mantelpiece is optional. Whether or not to have a mantelpiece is a matter of personal preference.
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