Thrombocytopenia is the medical term for a low-platelet count. Platelets play an important role in blood clotting by clumping together and plugging holes in blood vessels. Thrombocytopenia can range from mild to severe and, depending on the cause, may require medical attention.

Diagnosis

Mild cases of thrombocytopenia often cause no abnormal symptoms. The only way to determine a low platelet count is through a blood test. This is often called a "full blood count." Your doctor will determine if this is necessary and, if so, will examine the results with a microscope. A normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. If the results are abnormal, your doctor may also order more detailed tests, including a bone marrow exam to help determine the cause of the condition. Severe thrombocytopenia may exhibit obvious signs on the patient's body. Bruising easily or bleeding abnormally should be examined immediately. The development of pinpoint red spots may also be a sign of a low platelet count. The inability to clot blood from a relatively small cut may also indicate thrombocytopenia.

Effects

Mild thrombocytopenia usually has no life-long effects. Severe thrombocytopenia can be an indicative symptom of a more serious disease, such as leukemia. If your platelet count is severely low, spontaneous bleeding may occur without any injury.

Common Causes of Low Platelet Levels

Platelet counts decrease before women menstruate. Certain drugs may lower platelet levels. Pregnancy may cause thrombocytopenia.

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Thrombocytopenia

Platelet Count