ANSWERS: 3
  • Here you go, I grouped the evidence into 'only' 12 categories, yet if you would actually count the implications and real-life examples of what I'm saying, you will arrive at literally millions of solid pieces of evidence. 1. ERVs: Endogeneous retroviruses are viruses that can insert themselves in the genome of an organism. If it happens in the germ line, they get passed on. They are most of the time neutral for the organism, so with some chance, they stabilize in the genome of that species. If we look at the DNA of 'related' animals, we find that they have the EXACT SAME ERVs at EXACTLY the SAME PLACES in DNA. Over and over again. You can do it for humans and chimps, they share many, even the newer ones, while humans and dogs for example only share the old ones that inserted themselves a very long time ago.. It all matches up perfectly to produce an evolutionary tree of life. The odds of the same ERVs inserting themselves in the same places in different species independantly are astronomically low (DNA is very long). Common descent is the only explanation that makes sense. 2. Human Chromosome 2: The other great apes (chimp, gorilla and orang-utan) have 24 chromosome pairs while we have 23. If evolution is true, two of our ancestor's chromosomes must have fused during human evolution. Well guess what? Human chromosome 2 is the product of a fusion between two chromosomes, exactly the ones that apes have more/different than us. 3. Fossil Order: Why do fossils appear in order? Why are there literally no mammals before 300 million years ago? Why are there literally no hominids before 10 million years ago? Why are there literally no reptiles before 400 million years ago? Not even a single exception, because such exceptions would faslify evolution. That's one huge coincidence isn't it? And by the way, fossils are dated by radioactive decay comparisons of independant isotopes and relative comparisons of stratas based on radioactively dated reference layers. The evidence for the accurateness age of the earth and the dating of fossils is completely solid. 4. 'Transitional Fossils': Actually, every fossils is 'transitional' if evolution is true, because species are constantly evolving. However, I'm talking about the 'in betweens' of major evolutionary changes. Creationists like to claim that there are none of these fossils. Well, they are lying. Here's the truth, only some examples though since spelling out all transitions and all fossils would take very long: Fish - amphibian transition: Ichtyostega, Hynerpeton, Acanthostega, Pteroplax and others.. Reptile - mammal transition: Varanops, Haptodus, Diademodon, Probelesodon, Probainognathus, Exaeretodon, Pachygenelus, Sinoconodon, Peramus and many others: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional/part1b.html Reptile - bird: Archaopteryx, Sinornis santensis, Ichthyornis etc... Human evolution: Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus robustus, Australopithecus africanus, Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, archaic Homo sapiens and many closer relatives of the above, such as Sahelanthropus, Paranthropus bosei, Homo rudolfensis, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis. 5. DNA Comparison: Compare the DNA of all animals and you end up with a tree of relationship, exactly what evolution would predict. The creationist argument 'same DNA proves same designer' is stupid, because it would only with a huge amount of luck lead to a tree of relatedness as in evolution. You could also get a random pattern with cross-references going from one big group to another one. You don't have this in evolution. Additionally, this comparison can be made for single genes, and you end up with the same tree! It's hard to explain it by just writing it down, but this is probably the most convincing proof, because it involves literally every single organism on this planet, and it all comes together perfectly. 6. Mistakes in Design: Evolution cannot go back to the drawing board, therefore, what you would expect are 'mistakes in design', instances, where preexisting features were exapted and 'used for something differently' which leaves traces in the body shape. It can be summarized as 'history written all over us'. Here are some examples: The mammal eye, including the human eye, has a blind spot. The nerves that process the information from eye to brain are fixed on the wrong side. The photons that go to the eye first have to pass through nerve tissue before they reach the retina. And all the nerves have to go out of the eye through the blind spot and then go to the brain. That's clearly stupid design, the eyes of squids for example (which evolved independently) do it the right way. It is a mystery why a designer would do such stuff, yet it is almost required if evolution is true. More examples: Some flatfishes have a completely distorted skull. They evolved from 0-shaped ancestors that laid down sideways on the ground and only looked upwards with one eye (for some reason this must have been beneficial for them, most likely camoflage). Over evolutionary time, the other eye actually wandered around the skull to the upper side. The skull now looks very distorted, yet it's good for the animal since it now has two eyes on the upper side. Yet why would a sane designer not start with a _-shaped fish? The laryngeal nerve: Especially in giraffes, this nerve displays a ridiculous waste of resources. The nerve starts in the neck (vocal cord I think), and should go a small distance to the back part of the neck. Instead of going directly, in all mammals and reptiles, the nerve goes down and swings itself around a heart arteria before coming up again. In giraffes, this equals about 10 feet of unnecessary length. The reason for that is that fishes pretty much didn't have a neck, and the nerve in fishes went straight to it's goal. However, as fishes evolved into amphibians, then some of those into reptiles and some of those into mammals, they slowly and gradually evolved a neck. The nerve couldn't get back to the drawing board, too much internal organs would have had to been moved around, so it just kept growing longer. Again, who would design that? 7. Embryology: Comparing embryo stages of different animals clearly shows that they are related. The embryo of mammlas for example starts out looking very much like the embryo of fishes, then becomes more similar to the later stages of amphibian-reptile embryos and then reaches it's own characteristic shape. Comparing the shape of different embryos, you arrive again at the VERY SAME TREE OF LIFE predicted by DNA comparison. 8. Comparative Anatomy: Why are there even 'mammals' or 'reptiles'? Creationism gives no reason to expect that huge groups of animals must share so many characteristics. If you compare animals or other organisms anatomically, you will find striking similarities. Mammals for example all have pretty much the exact same amount of bones. They are 'reshaped' in different species to produce different looks, yet they are in the exact same order! Same with reptiles and other major groups. This too shows yet again that they evolved from shared ancestors. And again, the very same tree of life is reached! 9. Relicts of the Past: In the genome of all organisms are so called 'pseudo genes'. Those genes are no longer used, yet they clearly were used long ago in ancestors. Chickens for example (and obviously all other birds) possess the genetic wire-up to grow teeth, pretty much like small dinosaurs;) This can be triggered by researcherss. Also we have relicts of genes that once were used for marine animals for surviving under water. One can find all kinds of such examples. 10. Evolution in Action: Creationists like to say 'Evolution has never been observed'. That's a lie, again. What is EXPECTED to be observeable has been observed. There are many examples of documented, beneficial mutations. Here just one example that can stand for many: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14094-bacteria-make-major-evolutionary-shift-in-the-lab.html#atuid-496f91de543dea6f The problem with the ignorant creationists is that they now point out 'It's still a bacteria, isn't it? It didn't turn into a racoon!'. Okay let's analyze this claim. Evolution predicts that it took about 3 billion years to turn from bacteria into racoons. So obviously, something with it would be very wrong if that would happen within decades! The evolution from wolves to all kinds of dogs took about 10000 years. There is quite some difference between wolves and say a Doberman or a Chihuahua. Now, imagine, that only took 10000 years (altough under 'artificial selections which is admittedly a little bit faster than natural selection in most cases). Imagine what evolution can do in millions of years, or in hundreds of millions of years! 11. Geographical Distribution: Some animals are only found in one place in the whole world. For example, the marsupials are only found in Australia, and many plants and animals such as lemurs are only found in Madagascar. Those are both islands (altough Australia is a rather huge island). Now before settlers colonized Australia, there were literally no mammals on the continent. All there was was one big group of closely related animals. Wherever you look, on the bigger scale, animals will be distributed around the worlds in a pattern that shows more relatedness for geographically close animals and less relatedness for geographically distant animals. 'Obviously', you might say 'God made them similar for similar environments'. However, even in places where the environment radically changes, you will find the species to be near other species they are closely related with. There is no marsupial suddenly appearing in America, even though some environments in America are similar to some environments in Australia. Interestingly, evolution was discovered before continental drift. So what first appeared to be somewhat uncomfortable distributions of animals later turned out to be a great proof for evolution, after continental drift explain why we find groups of species where we find them. Additionally, all the fossils match up too, they are in the very right places! 12. Arms races: Why are trees so tall? They compete for light. Why are cheetahs and gazelles so fast? They compete for food/not getting eaten. Why are there parasites and counter-adaptations by the hosts? Again, arms races. Looking at nature, one finds it to be a cruel world where weakness is instantly punished. What we now see is the product of arms races having been going on for hundred millions of years. Creationism doens't predict such patterns, yet again, it is essential for evolution. "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution" – Theodosius Dobzhansky
  • More answers are welcome!
  • is there any 'solid proof' of anything every so often something new is found that changes the whole dynamic of the theory PROOF is a weighty word proof to me is beyond any shadow of a doubt it's hard to prove anything

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