ANSWERS: 2
  • I don't know the exact dates, but the Etruscan monarchy was pre-Roman Republic period. +3 Betony
  • "The institution of kingship was general. Many names of individual Etruscan kings are recorded, most of them in a historical vacuum, but with enough chronological evidence to show that kingship persisted in Etruscan city-culture long after it had been overthrown by the Greeks and at Rome, where Etruscan kings were long remembered with suspicion and scorn. When the last king was appointed, at Veii, the other Etruscan cities were alienated, permitting the Romans to destroy Veii. It is presumed that Etruscan kings were leaders of religious cult and in warfare. The paraphernalia of Etruscan kingship is familiar because it was inherited at Rome and adopted as symbols of the republican authority wielded by the consuls: the purple robe, the staff or scepter topped with an eagle, the folding cross-framed seat, and most prominent of all, the fasces carried by a magistrate, which preceded the king in public appearances. The tradition by which the Etruscan cities could come together under a single leader was the annual council held at the sacred grove of the Fanum Voltumnae, the precise site of which has exercised scholars since the Renaissance. In times of no emergency, the position of praetor Etruriae, as Roman inscriptions express it, was no doubt largely ceremonial and concerned with cultus. Osiniu (at Clusium) probably early 1100s BC Mezentius fl. c. 1100 ? BC Lausus (at Caere) Tyrsenos Velsu fl. 8th century Larthia (at Caere) Arimnestos (at Arimnus) Lars Porsena (at Clusium) fl. late 6th century BC Thefarie Velianas (at Caere) late 500s–early 400s BC, known from his temple dedication recorded on the Pyrgi Tablets Aruns (at Clusium) fl. c. 500 BC Volumnius (at Veii) mid 400s–437 BC Lars Tolumnius (at Veii) late 400s–428 BC Etruscan kings of Rome: Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (616–579), Servius Tullius (578–535), Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (535–510/509) BC" Source and further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_history Further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_civilization

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