ANSWERS: 1
  • The Spaniards were directly involved, since it was their provinces, in what is now Holland and Belgium, that were revolting, and they wanted to preserve their domain. England had been supporting its Protestant neighbor unofficially since the conflict began, but after the assassination of William I, opted to take direct action. In 1585, under the Treaty of Nonsuch, Elizabeth I sent the Earl of Leicester to assist, with 5,000 to 6,000 troops and 1,000 horses. William's son, Maurice of Nassau, took charge of the armies in 1587, so Leicester returned to England. The presence of the English was a major reason for sending the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. England stayed involved until 1604, when James I concluded peace with Spain in the Treaty of London. They also, along with France, brokered a cease-fire called the Twelve-Years Truce, between the northern and southern provinces, which began in 1609.

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