According to these sources, storing batteries in the freezer (or refrigerator) will make them last longer, but it depends on what kind of battery you're using. And in the long run, it may not be worth the hassle. For alkaline batteries (the most common kind of household battery), putting them in the freezer will extend their shelf life by less than 5%. And cold batteries can't be used immediately -- you have to wait until they've warmed up to room temperature first. If you need those batteries for a flashlight in an emergency, this could prove problematic. When stored at room temperature, alkaline batteries retain 90% of their power, and the average shelf life of alkaline batteries is five to seven years. For NiMH and Nicad batteries (often used for electronics), storing them in the freezer might be more practical. These kinds of batteries lose their charge after a few days when kept at room temperature. But they'll retain a 90% charge for months if you store them in the freezer. Just like alkaline batteries, you'll need to wait until they've warmed up before using them. However, this isn't a problem when you need new batteries for your digital camera or other electronic gadget.

What Josh said

An interesting tidbit: it technically costs more to refrigerate alkaline batteries, as you're paying for the slight electricity bump used by your refrigerator, and you save very little power. As far as the other types go, most are rechargable, so there's no real need to refrigerate them to hold their charge, just putthem in a charger before you use them. Also, they last a bit longer than a few days at room temperature.

I have tried this myself and it never seemed to work any better than leaving them out on a shelve of in a drawer. It may depend on the battery brand but I never went as far as to try different brands. So in my opinion no it does not keep longer.