ANSWERS: 2
  • According to this (http://www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart-elements/Au-en.htm), it looks as if gold only forms +1 ions.
  • 1) "Chemically, gold is a transition metal and can form trivalent and univalent cations upon solvation" "Oxidation states −1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (amphoteric oxide) " "Common oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds). " "Compounds: Although gold is a noble metal, it forms many and diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compound ranges from −1 to +5 but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate. Gold(I), referred to as the aurous ion, is the most common oxidation state with “soft” ligands such as thioethers, thiolates, and tertiary phosphines. Au(I) compounds are typically linear. A good example is Au(CN)2−, which is the soluble form of gold encountered in mining. Curiously, aurous complexes of water are rare. The binary gold halides, such as AuCl, form zig-zag polymeric chains, again featuring linear coordination at Au. Most drugs based on gold are Au(I) derivatives. Gold(III) (“auric”) is a common oxidation state and is illustrated by gold(III) chloride, AuCl3. Its derivative is chloroauric acid, HAuCl4, which forms when Au dissolves in aqua regia. Au(III) complexes, like other d8 compounds, are typically square planar. - Less common oxidation states: Au(-I), Au(II), and Au(V) Compounds containing the Au− anion are called aurides. Caesium auride, CsAu which crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif. Other aurides include those of Rb+, K+, and tetramethylammonium (CH3)4N+. Gold(II) compounds are usually diamagnetic with Au-Au bonds such as [Au(CH2)2P(C6H5)2]2Cl2. A noteworthy, legitimate Au(II) complex contains xenon as a ligand, [AuXe4](Sb2F11)2. Gold pentafluoride is the sole example of Au(V), the highest verified oxidation state. Some gold compounds exhibit aurophilic bonding, which describes the tendency of gold ions to interact at distances that are too long to be a conventional Au-Au bond but shorter that van der Waals bonding. The interaction is estimated to be comparable in strength to that of a hydrogen bond. - Mixed valence compounds Well-defined cluster compounds are numerous. In such cases, gold has a fractional oxidation state. A representative example is the octahedral species {Au(P(C6H5)3)}62+. Gold chalcogenides, e.g. "AuS" feature equal amounts of Au(I) and Au(III)." Source and further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold 2) "Ionic gold is what some producers call their non-colloidal gold supplements. Ionic gold is a gold salt that is dissolved in water. The gold salt must be water soluble to create an ionic solution. Laboratory testing of products labeled as ionic gold has determined they are really gold chloride, also called Chlorauric acid, a water soluble gold salt. Some producers trying to avoid the stigma of gold chloride have claimed that their ionic gold is gold hydroxide. Gold hydroxide is a gold salt which is not water soluble, making the claim scientifically impossible! For details of an example of this false claim, see bogus scientific claims made by producers of ionic gold solutions." "Ionic gold is a solution containing gold cations along with companion anions. An ionic gold solution is formed when a water soluble gold salt is dissolved in water. Ionic gold is not the same as metallic gold. For example, metallic gold is not water soluble (does not dissolve in water) but ionic gold is water soluble (it does dissolve in water). Technically speaking, a gold ion is an atom of gold that is typically missing three electrons and is referred to as Au+3 or Gold(III)." Source and further information: http://www.colloidsforlife.com/truth_Ionic_Gold.html

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