What is a judgement based on what has been observed?

physics theory

good judgement is based on bad judgement

Empirical?
<<<Central concept in science and the scientific method is that all evidence must be empirical, or empirically based, that is, dependent on evidence or consequences that are observable by the senses. Empirical data are data that are produced by experiment or observation.[1] It is usually differentiated from the philosophic usage of empiricism by the use of the adjective "empirical" or the adverb "empirically." "Empirical" as an adjective or adverb is used in conjunction with both the natural and social sciences, and refers to the use of working hypotheses that are testable using observation or experiment. In this sense of the word, scientific statements are subject to and derived from our experiences or observations.>>>

source: Wikipedia

a judgement made on what has been observed is a theory judgement because it is your theory based upon what has been observed and I think I should know because I am a science geek! it is so painfull to admit it :(

Conclusion

If the body responds, it's "instinct".

If the mind responds, it's "interpretation".

What is observed is not necessarily what is there. That is why you need multiple witnesses or observers to some phenomenone. We sense what our brain is telling us we are sensing. It has happened to all of us, it isn't that our senses our wrong, but our intrepetation may by filtered by expectations and past experiences. And our memory is easily distorted. I think it was Pastuer that said be humble in your depence on memory. (If I'm incorrect, please let me know who said it.)

perceptual experience