I assume you mean incandescent light bulbs. The glass enclosures are made from a ribbon of hot glass that's first thickened and then blown into molds to form the bulb shapes. These enclosures are then cooled, cut from the ribbon, and their insides are coated with the diffusing material that gives the finished bulb its soft white appearance. The filament is formed by drawing tungsten metal into a very fine wire. This wire, typically only 42 microns (0.0017 inches) in diameter is first wound into a coil and then this coil is itself wound into a coil. The mandrels used in these two coiling processes are trapped in the coils and must be dissolved away with acids after the filament has been annealed. The finished filament is clamped or welded to the power leads, which have already been embedded in a glass supporting structure. This glass support is inserted into a bulb and the two glass parts are fused together. A tube in the glass support allows the manufacturer to pump the air out of the bulb and then reintroduce various inert gases. When virtually all of the oxygen has been eliminated from the bulb, the tube is cut off and the opening is sealed. Once the base of the bulb has been attached, the bulb is ready for use.

For fluorescent bulbs, the process is similar. A tube of glass is coated inside with a phosphorescent material, then capped on both ends with ballast (capacitance and arc discharge unit). The air is evacuated from the tube, and a small amount of argon and mercury vapor is injected. The bulb is sealed, the ballast charges, the gas ionizes, the mercury releases UV, which excites the phosphor, which produces white light. Many of the tools and materials needed to make fluorescent tubes are also useful for making UV lasers.