Yes, as of 2005.

No. Two years ago a good friend of mine in North East China was forced to have an abortion. She was given one week to have the abortion and was expected to return to work three days afterwards. She is a teacher of elementary school children. The nightmare for both her and her husband was the fact that no time was given to grieve their loss. Had she continued with the pregnancy their daughter wouldn't have been allowed to continue school, their apartment would have been taken away and her husband not allowed to finish his degree at university. They would have been forced to work on farms outside of their city. Slave labour is more like it. Their families would have suffered too. Their only child, eleven years old at the time remains an only child. Edit - I gave the story of my friend's experience and she lived in the city at the time and still does. It was made very clear to her and her husband what would happen if they continued with the pregnancy.

From Wikipedia: "The policy's name is based on a popular misconception that birth control policy of the PRC requires all couples in mainland China to have no more than one child. Although "one child" has been promoted as an ideal, and the limit has been strongly enforced in urban areas, the actual implementation varies from location to location. In most rural areas, families are allowed to have two children, if the first child is female. Additional children result in fines, or more frequently the families are required to pay fees for public services such as education for the children that is otherwise free. Many couples who want more than one child are able to side-step this policy by using fertility drugs to result in a multiple birth. Fines are not charged when a couple has more than one child at the same time. Moreover in accordance with PRC's affirmative action policies towards ethnic minorities, all non-Han ethnic groups are completely exempted from child birth constraints, including financial penalties. Thus the overall fertility rate of mainland China is, in fact, closer to two children per family than to one child per family. Furthermore, the steepest drop in fertility occurred in the 1970s before one child per family began to be encouraged in 1979. ----->Recently, this policy has been loosened because the long period of sub-replacement fertility caused population ageing, and improvements in education and the economy have caused more couples to become reluctant to have children.<-----"

Still "Yes" as of 2006. :) Additional, there are also some exception to have more than one child for some minority nationality or farmer. I don't know how to reply the comments. So, I'll put it here. < Shultz > smiley is only for the format of the answers that I copied from Encyclopedia John. I also don't agree with "FORCED ABORTIONS". But I think I understand why China needed One Child policy. There are 1.3 billion pop now.

Yes, but some families are moving to the US so they can pass down the family name to the boys of the family if they had a girl.

National Public Radio just reported a story on this issue. It does still exist. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9766870