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There had been national debt in the United States as early as the 1790's. The original debt came from state and national debts left over at the end of the Revolutionary War.
Andrew Jackson had suffered personal financial losses in his own businesses as well as during the Panic of 1819. Jackson felt politically that the debt was a national curse, and wanted to free the country from the debt obligation.
Jackson asked Treasury Secretary Samuel Ingham to create a plan to eliminate the debt. Jackson was responsible for carrying out the plan.
Jackson became involved in a "Bank War" with the Second Bank of the United States, a federally-funded private institution that Jackson saw as unconstitutional. The bank was chartered in 1816 to provide loans, further establish the circulation of currency, and assist the Treasury. Jackson vetoed a bill to re-charter the bank, and instead distributed federal deposits to state banks.
Jackson also believed the federal government should not finance state and local projects. This policy kept the government from incurring new debt.
Andrew Jackson, Robert Remini, 2008
Financial Founding Fathers, Robert Wright and David Cowen, 2006
Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States, David S. Tanenhaus, 2008
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