by 
The Curious Bag
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A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm. Hiatal hernias are occasionally present at birth but can also develop over time and afflict an adult.
Anatomy
The esophagus connects to the abdomen through a small opening in the diaphragm, called the esophageal hiatus. The esophagus joins the stomach directly below the diaphragm.
Anatomy of a Hiatal Hernia
When the opening of the esophageal hiatus is larger than normal, the upper stomach may pass through the hiatus and into the chest.
Risk Factors
As with many health problems, age, weight and smoking may add to the likelihood of developing a hiatal hernia.
Causes
Although being born with an abnormally large esophageal hiatus is common, weakened muscles in the area may also contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia.
Possible Causes
Inflammation or scarring of the esophagus from acid reflux, intense pressure on muscles from vomiting, straining during bowel movements, or injury to the area may cause the esophageal hiatus to enlarge.
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