by 
The Curious Bag
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Stem cells are a type of cell that can transform into another kind of cell, such as a skin cell or a nerve cells, and that can divide indefinitely. A stem cell line is a culture of stem cells from one source that can keep growing in a laboratory for a theoretically unlimited period of time.
Embryonic Stem Cell Lines
Embryonic stem cells (from an embryo) have the capability to become any of the cells that compose the human body. The stem cell lines that researchers use in medical research are largely embryonic since they can differentiate into any type of cell.
History
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed the first stem cell lines in 1998; they used the stem cells from superfluous embryos provided by fertility centers.
Uses
Because embryonic stem cells can produce any of the tissues or organs of the human body, researchers use stem cell lines to seek cures and treatments for diseases like Parkinson's and diabetes as well as conditions like arthritis and spinal cord injuries.
Funding
The U.S. government provides funding for research into a limited number of stem cell lines.
Controversy
The use of stem cell lines is controversial because the lines originate from human embryos, which are created through in vitro fertilization from eggs women have donated with informed consent. Because the embryos are discarded, the pro-life movement argues stem cell line creation is immoral.
Source:
National Institutes of Health: "Stem Cell Basics"
The New York Times: "New Stem Cell Lines Open to Research"
More Information:
Dolan DNA Learning Center: "How Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Are Made"
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