According to National Geographic, air pollution is "any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment." Although the causes and effects of air pollution are widely known, it still remains a critical problem around the world.

Major Cause

The most significant cause of air pollution is carbon dioxide released by automobiles, planes, power plants and other fossil fuel-burning activities. Over the last 150 years, so much carbon dioxide has been released into the air that it has significantly impacted the Earth's atmosphere.

Other Causes

Air pollution is also caused by methane, which is produced by swamps and livestock, and chlorofluorocarbons, which are sometimes found in refrigerants and aerosols. Sulfur dioxide, which is a component of smog, also contributes to air pollution.

Indoor Air Pollution

Air pollution can even be found inside homes and buildings. The causes of air pollution inside buildings include poor ventilation, mold, cleaning fluids, cigarette smoke, caulk, paint, building materials and furniture.

Short-Term Effects

The short-term effects of air pollution include various health problems, such as upper respiratory infections, headaches, nausea and irritation of the eyes, throat and nose. Air pollution can also exacerbate other medical conditions, such as asthma or emphysema.

Long-term Effects

Over a long period, air pollution can lead to significant health problems, such as respiratory disease, heart disease, organ damage and lung cancer. Air pollution also significantly affects the Earth's atmosphere, leading to widespread global warming.

Source:

Health and Energy: Air Pollution Causes and Effects

National Geographic: Air Pollution

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: How Can Air Pollution Hurt My Health?