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The inventor of the piano was Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), an Italian maker of musical instruments. The first "pianoforte" (which means "soft-loud" because pianos unlike earlier keyboard instruments allow for dynamic gradations), resembled a harpsichord, with two keyboards, hammers, dampers, and four octaves. Only three of Cristofori's pianos survive today, all dating from the 1720s.
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