A seizure is caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. Seizures are not a disease but a symptom of other brain disorders. There are many different types of seizures, which depend on how much and what part of the brain is affected.

Types

Seizures are usually grouped into two main categories: generalized and partial. Generalized seizures involve the entire brain while partial seizures affect just one part of the brain.

Partial Seizures

Partial seizures begin with electrical activity in one area of the brain. They may be caused by head injuries, brain infection, tumor or stroke. These seizures usually last less than two minutes, and the person experiencing them usually remains alert.

Generalized Seizures

Generalized seizures result in loss of consciousness, either briefly or for long periods of time. They are subcategorized as tonic clonic, myoclonic and absence seizures. Generalized tonic clonic, also known as grand mal seizures are the most common and best known kind of seizures. Absence seizures, also called petit mal, are common in children and characterized by loss of awareness and staring into space for a few seconds. Myoclonic seizures are rapid contractions.

Characteristics

Grand mal seizures consist of stiffening of the limbs followed by jerking of the limbs. The stiffening phase of a seizure is called tonic. The jerking movements are called clonic. Seizures known as atonic seizures produce a sudden loss of muscle tone and may result in sudden collapse or loss of posture.

First Aid for Seizures

First aid for seizures involves keeping the person safe until the seizure stops. Clear the area of anything sharp or hard. Put something flat or soft under their head and turn the person on his side. Time the length of the seizure. A seizure is not usually a medical emergency unless it lasts longer than 5 minutes, or if a second seizure occurs immediately after the first. Call an ambulance if the person is diabetic, pregnant or having difficulty breathing.

Source:

Epilepsy Foundation

Types of Seizures

More Information:

National Library of Medicine