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All businesses must sink or swim, and their success is entirely based on demand. The demand for a company's going global is sometimes unavoidable; expansion means the company can stay afloat in a competitive market.
Competition
Two things remain certain in business: There will always be a supply and demand, and the suppliers will always compete with each other. This level of competition sometimes makes it necessary for a company to leave a certain unsuccessful area and try out a new one.
Labor
If a company is able to find labor in a market cheaper than its target market, the company will often "outsource" manufacturing, meaning it will acquire labor in other areas. A company will usually outsource in countries with lesser economies.
Politics
Sometimes the reasons for a company's international expansion is entirely political. If a market has become particularly unstable (riots, famine, violent dictatorships) a company will be forced to relocate.
Technology
All companies must evolve: new forms of industrial processing, packaging, preservation, and transportation are all factors in a company's evolution. An expansion to a foreign country hospitable to innovative technologies in industry will also play a part in a company's going international.
Real Estate
The price of factories, storage spaces, and corporate offices are all contributing factors for a company's decision to outsource. A move to a country offering cheaper space is sometimes a smart play.
Initiative
Companies like to take the initiative when expanding business. If a company is to learn a new market for its product may be on the horizon, good business practices would suggest the company should take the first step, thus becoming the leader in uncharted territory.
Source:
ISEdb.com: SEO and Localization: A guide to going global
IT Business Edge: Is Going Global an Economic Imperative for U.S. Companies?
More Information:
USA Today: Going international easier, a lot cheaper than you might think
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