An earache can sometimes be just that--a slight pain in your ear. Other times it can be an indication of a more serious problem. Sunburn or injury to the exterior of your ear is often a mild problem and can be easily treated at home. When the pain is inside your ear it gets more complicated. This can be a symptom of allergies, pressure changes, ear infection or congestion. Much of this pain can be managed at home, but you should be alert for any changes that would require medical attention.

External Ear Pain

External ear pain is often attributed to a blow to the ear or sunburn. In these cases the cause is usually known and the effect is usually visible. In either of these cases, the application of cold packs or ice can help minimize pain and swelling. Apply cold packs or ice to the area for 15 minutes three to four times a day for the first 48 hours after injury or sun exposure. Try to get ice on the ear as soon as possible after the injury occurs to keep swelling to a minimum.

General Ear Pain

Ear pain that is not accompanied by other symptoms can be treated with heat. Apply a warm washcloth or heating pad set on "Low" to the ear. Try lying on the heat source, so gravity can help with any drainage or earwax that needs to be removed. Do not use a heating pad in bed because there is the added danger of falling asleep and being burned, or on a child.

Congestion Ear Pain

If you have an earache in conjunction with a stuffy or runny nose, sore throat and cough, the ear pain is likely caused by congestion, or lack of drainage. The pressure in your sinuses can build up, causing pain in unexpected places, like your ears and teeth. An over-the-counter decongestant can help relieve this pressure, and pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, aspirin, naproxin or ibuprofen can help ease the earache. Avoid antihistamines for ear aches unless you know the problem is allergy-related. Always read and follow the label directions and avoid any medicines that your doctor has advised you against.

Pressure

Some ear pain is caused by pressure changes, like those experienced in airplane takeoffs, or when driving in mountains or hilly areas. If the pressure in your ears does not adjust when the exterior pressure does, it can cause ear pain or discomfort. Chewing gum or eating--anything that moves the jaws--can help "pop" your ears and bring them back into balance with the exterior pressure.

Earwax Buildup

Sometimes earwax builds up and causes clogging of the ear canal. If your ears feel plugged and you don't have any symptoms of an ear infection (redness, swelling, itching and fever), it may be that you need to remove the earwax. Nonprescription earwax removers can be effective, but be sure you follow the label instructions exactly.

Other Ear Issues

If you experience fever, chills, increased ear pain, new or different drainage, dizziness or nausea in association with your earache, contact a medical professional. These treatments are recommended only for those over the age of 12.

Source:

WebMD.com: Ear Problems and Injuries, Age 12 and Over

University of Maryland Medical Center: Earache Treatment