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The Curious Bag
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Potassium is the most prevalent cation in extracellular fluid, according to Carol Porth's "Essentials of Pathophysiology." Potassium concentration is controlled by the kidneys and a cell membrane pump. There are five main causes of low potassium, or hypokalemia.
Low Potassium Intake
Potassium intake is a key factor in the body's maintaining its levels of that nutrient. According to L. Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, a typical adult needs 4,700mg of potassium per day.
Intravenous Fluids
Use of intravenous fluids without increased consumption or supplementation may cause decreased serum potassium levels. Intravenous fluids increase blood volume, which dilutes potassium concentration.
Vomiting and Diarrhea
Potassium can be lost rapidly through prolonged vomiting or diarrhea because it does not have a chance to absorb from the digestive system into the bloodstream.
Kidney Losses
According to "Essentials of Pathophysiology," trauma, stress, diuretics, low magnesium levels and metabolic alkalosis can cause low potassium in the kidneys.
Skin Losses
Potassium can also be lost through the skin by excessive sweating, as well as by severe burns that significantly damage the skin.
Source:
Essentials of Pathophysiology; Carol Porth; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007
Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy; L. Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump; Saunders; 2007
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