After several years of a remission and relapse cycle, multiple sclerosis can advance into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), worsening without ceasing. Although treating SPMS is often challenging, several drugs reduce the severity of attacks, decrease the formation of nervous system lesions and slow disease progression.

Avonex

Injected directly into the muscle weekly, Avonex can relieve MS flare-ups. Some patients complain of mild flu-like symptoms, reports the National MS Society (NMSS).

Rebif

Essentially the same as Avonex, patients receive shots of Rebif directly into the skin three times per week.

Betaseron

Also sold as Extavia, Betaseron bolsters the immune system, according to the NMSS. Typically given every other day by injection, these drugs also may cause flu-like side effects.

Mitoxantrone

Marketed as Novantrone, this antineoplastic drug suppresses T-Cell, B-Cell and microphage activity to reduce MS attacks on the myelin sheath. Administered by IV every three months, mitoxantrone is contraindicated for those with high heart disease risk, the NMSS says.

Natalizumab

Sold under the brand name Tysabri, natalizumab---a manmade antibody that blocks the movement of cells that damage the immune system---reduces disability and minimizes flare-ups. Administered once a month by IV, patients with a serious immune deficiency shouldn't take Tysabri.

Other Treatments

According to the NMSS, eating a proper diet and following a regular fitness routine can help manage SPMS symptoms.

Source:

Web MD: Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding the Differences in MS

NationalMSSociety.org: How SPMS is Treated

Mult-Sclerosis.org: Rebif

More Information:

National MS Society: Mitoxantrone

National MS Society: Betaseron; Extavia

National MS Society: Natalizumab